War in vieques Essay Example For Students

War in vieques Essay Why is the US Navy at Vieques, Puerto Rico? Puerto Rico: From Spanish Colony to American Military Bastion After 400 years of Spanish colonial rule, Puerto Rico became a possession of the United States as a direct result of the Spanish-American War of 1898. Right after the invasion the US established a military government, which lasted up to 1900; thereafter, the Foraker Act of 1900 authorized the President of the United States to appoint a civilian governor. In 1917 the Jones Act granted US citizenship to all island residents. In 1948 Puerto Ricans were allowed to elect their own home-grown governor for the very first time. Today, after 101 years of direct economic, political and military rule, Puerto Rico continues to be a US colony. Given its geographical position, Puerto Rico has always played a key strategic military role for the United States. Expropriation of Land for Regional Military Purposes In 1938 the US Navy began using the island-municipality of Vieques, right off the ea stern coast of Puerto Rico, for military practices. In 1941, during the height of WW II, the Navy initiated a campaign of forced expropriation of territory, which ultimately ended in their possession of over two thirds of the island’s most arable land, thereby displacing thousands of families and seriously jeopardizing their basic means of subsistence. The Navy arbitrarily set the price for the expropriated land giving the island residents very little say, if any, in the matter. Resistance became an exercise in futility, for the Navy issued the following ultimatum: Either you accept the price set by the Navy or prepare to be evicted, by force, if necessary, within 24 hours. The net effect of these policies was the clustering of the entire civilian population of Vieques into a small strip of land right in the middle of the island. Thus the US Navy took control of over 75% of this tiny island. 2. Legacy of the US Navy in Vieques: Economic Stagnation Vieques has a population of approximately 9,400 inhabitants. It has an unemployment rate of almost fifty percent (50%) by most conservative estimates. General Electric, which is one of the few large companies in Vieques, will end its operations this summer. Fishing is the only industry in the island of Vieques with any truly viable economic significance. This is obviously due to the Navy’s expropriation of the most fertile lands in the island that formerly sustained a respectable agricultural activity. Carlos Zenn, the former President of the Fishermen Association, said that when the US Navy ships enter the one-hundred-foot deep waters where the fishermen have their traps, â€Å"the ships’ propellers destroy the buoys that indicate where the traps are.† When that happens it is hard for them to find the nets. As a result, the nets stay at the bottom of the sea for eight or twelve months, attracting many fish that ultimately die in the traps. The US Department of Agriculture conducted a stud y of these traps and found that a single net collects from 4,500 to 5,000 pounds of fish in ten months, which poses a severe environmental threat to the fragile marine ecosystem in that region. In 1977, for example, the US Navy destroyed 131 traps. Ecological Damage The immediate effects of the bombings in Vieques are the destruction of delicate ecosystems in the island, which supports hundreds of species of plants and animals that are killed instantly upon the direct impact of the projectiles during military target practices. Furthermore, these bombings and military maneuvers lead to serious contamination of the environment due to toxic residues. In an article published in 1988, engineer and environmental consultant Rafael Cruz-Prez identified three ways in which the militarys bombings pollutes the environment in Vieques: (1) Chemicals in the Missiles’ explosive payloads, (2) Dust and rock particles released into the air as a result of the impact and/or explosion of missiles , and (3) Metallic residues left by missiles after they detonate, and the junk and scrap heap they use for target practice. According to information provided by the Navy, this material is never removed†¦Under the effects of additional explosions and sea breezes, metals are oxidized or decomposed, turning in accelerated fashion into leachates that pollute the environment, said Cruz-Prez in his article. He also referred to a scientific study by the Navy, which says that the sources of drinking water in Vieques Isabel Segunda village and Barrio Esperanza are polluted with toxic chemicals, like TNT, tetryl and RDX. Cruz-Prez commented that the study doesnt explain how these substances got to the water sources, located more than fourteen kilometers away from the shooting area. In the 70s, the US Environmental Protection Agency sampled Vieques air and soil. After studying the samples, the EPA determined that the air has unhealthy levels of particulate matter and the ground has iron l evels above normal. High Levels of Cancer Health Problems The people of Vieques suffer from high levels of cancer and other serious health problems. Studies carried out by the Puerto Rico Department of Health have shown that from 1985 to 1989 the rate of cancer in Vieques rose to 26 percent above the rest of PR. Rafael Rivera-Castao, a retired professor from the University of Puerto Ricos Medical Sciences Campus, has documented an increase in extremely rare diseases, like, for example, Scleroderma, lupus, thyroid deficiencies, and not-so-rare ones, like asthma, which is significantly affecting Vieques’ children. How can the children of Vieques get asthma if this is such a small island? The winds that blow in from the ocean are rich in iodine, which prevents asthma. The only possible cause is air pollution. We dont have factories here, the only source of air pollution here is the Navy, he has stated. 3. Struggle and Resistance The Struggle between David and Goliath Viequesâ⠂¬â„¢ fishermen are extremely courageous. They have confronted the warships at sea several times. In February of 1978, US admiral Robert Fanagan told the fisherman that they would not be allowed to fish during 3 weeks. All NATO countries had planned an intensive military maneuver along all of Vieques’ coastsline. Carlo Zenn informed him that they would protest. â€Å"Imagine me, a Puerto Rican fisherman, telling a US Navy admiral that we’re going to cause problems for them† he said. On February 6, 1978, fed-up with the Navy’s arrogance, the fishermen of Vieques took a desperate gamble. Forty fishing boats ‘invaded’ waters where target practice with live ammunition were about to begin. They were carrying out a struggle with the sling shot of David against the Goliath of NATO. They were successful detaining the maneuvers and awakening the support of the entire Puerto Rican nation. This activism at sea has won important victories for the people of Vieques during their struggle against the US Navy. Mount David After David Sanes Rodrguez’s death on April 19th, 1999, a group of civilians gathered in the area of the â€Å"accident† to protest the bombardments. This show of outrage and civil disobedience is a direct frontal challenge to the US Navy’s ill-gotten authority. On April 21st a group of 15 boats gathered at the place of the bombings, placed a large cross and named the area Mount David-in memory of Mr. Sanes. Mount David is a very dangerous place peppered with live ammunition on the ground. In spite of the this great dangers many people have organized protests behind the gates of the Navy’s restricted areas. All these protests have successfully detained the bombings since Sanes’ death. I know that there is a great danger said Pablo Connelly, one of the civilians protesting at Mount David. He adds: I know that the risks are great, but all the risks are worth it. I do this for my childr en and for the children of all Viequenses and I know that during the time that I remain here there is not going to fall a single bomb in Vieques.† .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1 , .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1 .postImageUrl , .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1 , .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1:hover , .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1:visited , .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1:active { border:0!important; } .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1:active , .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1 .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud50d532e1f9cd11d9cfee8997adb36d1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Daily Life In Rome Essay We will write a custom essay on War in vieques specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

All About Good Topics for Research Papers

All About Good Topics for Research Papers Get the Scoop on Good Topics for Research Papers Before You're Too Late Writing fantastic research papers doesn't need to be hard. Without a suitable content, decent research paper topics are not going to make sense. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Following are a few of the suggested sociology essay topic for those students that are unable to choose a great topic for their assignment. Which topic you select could help determine the entire writing process, the research, and the grad you are going to get. The fantastic news is there are all types of ideas you may come across online for research paper topics. When you try to find a superb research paper topic, you may easily come to be the severest critic of any proposed idea. A great topic for your customized research papers ought to be narrowed downed to include only aspect that could be realistically covered during your research. Good Topics for Research Papers Secrets By doing this you're in a position to spell out how readers can arrive at the comprehension of a research topic. An excellent idea is to select a topic associated with your previous experience because your readers will be impressed how well-informed you're. Quite frequently, the ideal topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get ready to research it. Chancing upon a topic for your study can be hard, but there are lot s of great approaches to develop intriguing ideas. Good Topics for Research Papers Help! Custom made research papers topic help the writer to define the reach of the papers and having a wide topic will signify your customized research papers are going to have very wide scope that can't be reasonably covered comprehensively. It's possible to locate decent research paper topics without putting an excessive amount of effort into the search. Our custom made research papers are also rather original and plagiarism free. Writing the ideal custom research papers start by choosing the ideal topic for your customized research papers. A paper is always simpler to write if you're interested in this issue, and you're going to be more motivated to do in-depth research and compose a paper that genuinely covers the whole subject. Make using the suggested research paper topic ideas and you'll be prosperous. Custom made research papers topic also needs to be focused and specific enough. When deciding on your research paper topic, you have to make certain it is neither boring nor worn out. You're able to begin thinking how you are going to develop a thesis statement for the paper to hold up your topic. Keep on reading, and you'll learn how to locate a great research paper topic to your liking with ample details on its account. You will write ten pages where you will need to express your opinion too. The Fundamentals of Good Topics for Research Papers Revealed The major task is to discover the right materials to support the thesis. All you have to do is simply ask. For some students, a collection of topic is the easiest part. So you will need to scale down to be certain that you will be able to run a research within a limited time period. In the last year of college, research paper topics need to be more specific and the research ought to be in-depth. From time to time, very good research paper topics are just the easiest ones. Argumentative research paper topics are a whole lot simpler to find than to produce. You need to try to choose a topic for your resea rch subject based on the instructions of your professor. Choosing appropriate strategies for investigation is critical because unreliable methods will result in unreliable outcomes. The research topic is the region and perspective of the analysis. Selecting an intriguing topic is vital for the success of your research project because it is going to send you in the appropriate direction and help you to stay interested and motivated during the whole writing process. As a consequence, it appears that choosing distinctive and intriguing research topics for college or higher school is the toughest approach. The Basic Principles of Good Topics for Research Papers You Will be Able to Benefit From Starting Immediately Now you have a brilliant notion, you're half way to your stunning success. Luckily, there are tons of great places to seek out inspiration and the subsequent list contains just a couple of suggestions to help get you started. If you select the wrong subject, you might get stuck with your writing and have a tough time moving forward. Even if a particular research paper topic is getting a great deal of buzz at this time or other folks seem interested in writing about it, don't feel tempted to make it your topic if you don't genuinely have some type of interest in it also.

Writing An Argumentative Ethics Essay

Writing An Argumentative Ethics EssayWhen writing an argumentative ethics essay you must take some time to consider what the student is saying. In other words, they need to convince the reader that what they are writing about is factual and truthful. While the student may not be able to do this, the writing team can.Writing an argumentative ethics essay is about expressing your opinion and not necessarily proving it. The reason for this is that people can learn through personal experience. Therefore, in order to accomplish this you must use your own experiences as a way to present your reasoning. Of course, this may not always be a possibility. However, even when it is, the following tips should help you.One of the best ways to express your feelings is to use specific times in your life when something happened and how you felt at the time. For example, say you were about to be a father. You can tell a story about that time in your life and how you felt in regard to that matter.Ways t o use examples are another way to add verisimilitude to your essay. Use examples like moving to New York City, starting a business or when the passing of someone close to you made you cry. When using examples, be sure that they are real-life stories, not made up.As you write your argumentative ethics essay, you should always ask yourself, 'What is your proof?' You can write down a way in which you can support your argument. However, make sure that you only provide logical, supported evidence that you can back up your claims.Never fall into the trap of writing on a 'need to know' basis. If you have an idea that may not seem to make sense to someone, then don't say it on the first paragraph of your essay. Put your ideas in context.For arguments in ethics essays, be sure to communicate them properly and don't deviate from your arguments. Some examples might include showing someone who had their property stolen to show how much more money the person would have made if he didn't lose his things to the thief. You could also show how a law breaking will cause many problems for society and thus, end up causing many problems for the person. Be sure to use logic and remember that the goal is to persuade the reader that what they are reading about is factual and truthful.In conclusion, you should always go with the main idea that you are trying to present in your essay. That being said, don't forget to include facts in your essay. This will help you not only to convince the reader, but it will also help you if you ever decide to write about a different topic.

Child Psychology Research Papers

Child Psychology Research PapersResearch papers that are published in the field of child psychology are usually looked upon as a big milestone in the career of any psychologist. Child psychology is one of the most innovative and important fields that has been done by psychologists since they have been dealing with children from early on. The field of child psychology may not seem very logical at first, but it is completely understandable once you study the level of interest and dedication that has been needed to pursue this career.Child psychology is basically a study of psychology in children. It deals with all aspects of children's mental health, including childhood development, development of emotions, behavior, social skills, personality development, and their relationships with the environment. Many of the psychology's discoveries were made through studies of children who were in the process of development.In order to get into child psychology, you should be either trained as a psychologist or have a graduate degree from a reputable university. The program you choose will largely depend on what you intend to do in this career. It is also important to note that the more education you have, the more expensive your program will be.After you decide where you want to go with your career, you can begin preparing for your child psychology research papers. In order to do that, you should think about the questions that will be asked of you by your professor during your paper. This will help you to prepare answers to those questions before you begin to work on your paper.Most of the child psychology research papers you will write will likely be related to a specific child, or a group of children. Therefore, you will want to choose the child carefully when you are writing your paper. You should also find out about their age range, as well as their cultural background, so that you can compare your findings with those of other researchers.As a child psychologist, you w ill also need to use good research practices in order to be considered an expert in your field. Good research practices include having your ideas checked by other psychologists, as well as seeking out other experts who will critique and offer critiques on your work. These reviews will help you to improve your field and increase your credibility as a child psychologist.Another good way to gain credibility is to give talks and conduct trainings at local colleges and universities. At these venues, you will be able to present and discuss some of your findings, thus building credibility in the community. Good research practices will also include attending conferences, even if they are local only, as a means of gaining publicity and improving your credibility.A good source of references to use for your research is your colleagues in the field. However, you should make sure that the articles are reviewed before you submit them to journals. Doing this will help you gain the trust of other r esearchers, thus making your child psychology research papers that much better.

Preparing For a Trial With Family Law Essay Topics

Preparing For a Trial With Family Law Essay TopicsYou can write a family law essay topic that really touches your heart. Sometimes it is difficult to think of writing a topic that will please the judge or your loved ones. Perhaps, you are contemplating how to express yourself so that it will reach those who need your love and support. Here are some family law essay topics that can definitely make you happy.Let's face it; we all have been in the court room. We have heard the various challenges brought by attorneys and judges. What is the best way to write a topic that will not only help you in your efforts, but will also entertain you? Well, it is good to be clever. To find an effective way to represent yourself, here are some helpful tips that can help you compose a topic that will actually make you laugh.The most important thing to do when composing a topic is to get in touch with your personality. You have to consider your mindset as well as the things that you enjoy. For example, if you want to put yourself on the side of the victor, then put in your experiences of winning and losing. If you want to bring back the details of your past, then write about it and what happened in the past. These are just few ideas you can use to help you.Finally, if you are facing a court case, then focus on the things that could give you an advantage. For example, if you have an attorney who knows everything about your legal history, you can use it as a guide to help you from the beginning of the process to the end. This is a great way to get into a better position and gain an advantage from the outset.Writing a topic about family law is very difficult for many. They spend endless hours on researching the courts. In the end, they do not come upwith any topic that will make them feel proud. The sad part is that they do not make use of this excellent resource to find out the best topic. You can bring yourself out of this situation and by knowing what to write about, you can final ly realize what your next steps are going to be.There are many topics to choose from when composing family law essay topics. You can read about divorce and child custody and you can learn the history of your children. You can learn about the different types of divorces, your assets and other important matters that arise every day in your life.Before you get started on the next chapter of your legal career, write a couple of law essay topics so that you will be prepared for the trial and you will be able to write your own defense. At least, you will know what you need to prepare for!