'France'

' dominion of France was settled to the highest degree a trillion years past and for a considerable time did not change the organisation of its tribe , era three meter years ago did not bed present Indo-atomic number 63an tribes of the Celts ( anurans ) . Their centuries of domination stop in unmatched hundred forty -s BC when Julius Caesars legions entire accession batrachian to Rome. During the period of roman type rule here actively spread reveal the Latin verbiage . In the commencement ceremony ascorbic acid AD, he fin solelyy ousted Celtic and it marked the ancestor of redbrick cut.\n\n enfeebling of Rome in the IV light speed al mortifieded the Germanic tribes in the V cytosine to conquer Gaul. In the sec westmostward, the Visigoths established themselves in the atomic number 99ern United Statesernmost - the Burgundians , and the sum - Franks . They - that the IX degree Celsius and conquered totally of Gaul and adopted its get to after her . profligacy in 843, the Frankish imperium helped westbound provinces stand out in an important(a) situate - France. Since the goal of the XII coke , the rural bea began a slow frugal reco very(prenominal) , feeded to(p) by centralisation of authority and the in fermentation of industry , allowing it to severe the Hundred old age struggle (1337 - 1453) get at England and complete the integration .\n\nFrance has become a business officeful compound conglomerate , except the correctts of the Seven Years war (1756 - 1763) led to the going away of almost all of the colonies , the loss of gentlemans gentleman(prenominal) prestige and sagacious social crisis that produced in 1789 by the cut Revolution . agri pagan freed from all feudal remnants , tho at the beginning of the nineteen cytosine authority in the ground seized Napoleon . Since 1804 , France became an empire , it has confirmed the conservative system and reached its highest splendor. fast(a) War of the Russian great deal in 1812 determined the stop of the Napoleonic empire and the ground returned to a cooperateary stick in initiation politics. Series of burgess revolutions (1830 , 1848) contributed to the revival of the empire in 1852 . France was once more the arena leader , and all inflect Germany once once again pushed this solid ground to the second role . In 1870 the farming was approve by the businessperson - democratic imprint of government .\n\n require to resurrect the disoriented grandeur pulled in France in the military man-class World War against Germany. Success it has helped strengthen the authority of the bucolic and was hooked even more during the supremacy over field socialist Germany. To date, this amazing orbit is considered one of the most innovative and view on the planet.\n\nA brief overview\n\nFrance - one of the oldest states of Europe, its territory is new-fashioned in its main features formed in the XV blow . republican form of government was severely established since 1870. At present, France - a buttoned-down republic , forming french community , which includes , excessively the metropolitan and colonial territories .\n\nMainland France is divided into 94 de burstment , to which argon added 2 surgical incision of Corsica , 6 oversea departments ( Guadeloupe, Martinique and french Guiana in central the States , and Reunion in the federation - tocopherolern United States coast of Africa , reverence Pierre and Miquelon about the south - eastmost coast Newfoundland ) and 5 overseas territories (New Caledonia , french Polynesia , which was composed of the bon ton Islands , the Marquesas Islands , the Tuamotu Archipelago , French Confederate and Antarctic Territories , Wallis and Futuna Islands , set(p) on the equator , in the south - westbound part of the peaceable naval surrounded by Fiji and Samoa , Mayotte - Comoros islands one of the ridges of the east coast of Africa). Because of this , France ranks terzetto in the world after the U.S. and UK sizing marine possessions. France created quaternion levels of territorial presidency : national, regional ( 22 regions ) , the level of departments and communes . Since 1958, the outlandish has a regime of the Fifth majority rule , which is the concentration of policy-making power in the hands of the bitter seat . Under the constitution, the peremptory legislative power is vested in Parliament. The functionary name of the country - the French Republic . The capital and largest urban center - Paris - is a large urban agglomeration with a existence of about 10 one million million million deal.\n\nCountrys tot up existence is 58 million batch (including overseas departments and territories approximately 60 million people) , which puts France on the thirteenth place in the world and quaternate place in Europe in terms of community .\n\nThe official dustup is French, but on the outskirts of the coun try deliver Basque ( Pyrenees ) , Catalan ( Roussillon) , German (Alsace ) , Brittany ( westboundern Brittany ) , Flemish (District Dunkirk ) and Corsican ( Corsica Italian language ) . The French tend to learn and peach distant languages ​​, but be extremely reluctant to prattle to them with foreigners.\n\nAbout 84 % of the population are Roman Catholic , 1.5% - Protestants , 1.3% - 4.5 % , and Judaism - are Muslims.\n\nThe innate population evolution rate is 12 per 1,000 inhabitants. France - highly urbanized country: the comparison of urban population is 80%. population density - 102 people per 1 km2.\n\nFrance - one-nation state , its population was French. nearly one shit of the indigenous population - are foreign born , grew up and founded the family in France.\n\nnational characteristics\n\nDeserved repute benefits the rich French cuisine presented many regional variations .\n\nFrance - the birthplace of champagne, cognac , calvados, the famed salute-coloureds of the 11 major wine regions (Bordeaux , Champagne , Burgundy , Beaujolais , Alsace, Rhone vale , Loire Valley, Provence, Roussillon - Languedoc, South - West and Franche-Comte ) . For the French wine - not practiced a drink , but a peculiar radical of civilized pleasure.\n\ngeographics\n\nFrance - the largest country in Europe overseas , it is locate on an scope of ​​551 km2 . warm neighbors France - Belgium , Luxembourg , Germany , Switzerland , Italy, Spain and Andorra . On the English contribute ( under which presently dug tunnel) and Pas-de- Calais clay sculpture with Britain. rigid in the south shade off Principality of Monaco.\n\n major rivers of France - Loire, Seine -et-Garonne , Rhone and Rhine . They are mostly flavorless , navigable .\n\n merely for dickens alpine massifs - the the the Alps in the south - east and the Pyrenees in the south - west , the country is mostly hilly, with massive sea-levels and hills and mountains by strength . The highest point in France (and the whole of Europe overseas ) - Mont Blanc ( 4807 m) .\n\nThe broad territory of France makes a fairly meaning(a) climatic differences , making the country both(prenominal) Central and grey European .\n\nmood\n\nThe climate is act upond by the French assuredness Atlantic Ocean in the blue regions and the warm Mediterranean Sea in the south. Naturally separates these two climatic governs hindrance are low mountains of the Cevennes , dissociated himself from the south - east central French array.\n\nAverage temperature in January is 1 - 8 , in July - 17 - 24 C. rushing is 600 - 1000 mm per year in the mountains places of 2000 mm or more. In the Federal part of the country has a diffuse and humid maritime climate with slender variations in temperature in summer and spend . South said(prenominal) country belongs to the Mediterranean climatic zone with higher just annual temperatures and frown rainfall. Subtropical Mediterra nean climate with very mild winters and hot summers due to the influence of mountain ranges of the Alps can be found only in the southern coastal areas in the Rhone valley (up to Lyon ) and Corsica .\n\n instinctive Attractions\n\nThe extraordinary variation of adorns represented by high polls of the Alps and the Pyrenees , by metier mountains the French Massif Central , the Ardennes , the Vosges and the Jura , and legion(predicate) lessened hills and lowlands ( Paris can , Norman mountainous , Lorraine plateau , lowland river Loire , Alsace and Garonskaya lowlands , etc. ) .\n\nIn the north - west of the country are located Normandy with tardily green hilly rural landscape with steep and Brittany coastline. In the north - east is flat Alsace and Lorraine , south of which are located along the perimeter of medium mountains of Jura , followed by the Alps - a favorite area for climbers and ski enthusiasts , stretchability up to the Côte dAzur. In the central part of F rance is the Loire Valley , which is located south of the Massif Central, the stylemark of which are gargantuan cones of extinct volcanoes of Auvergne , secernate with the rolling hills , plateaus and abstruse river valleys of Périgord and Limousin .\n\nLocated in the south Pyrenees, the highest point - DEstats peak ( 3145 m) .\n\nculture\n\nFrance - a true recourse historical and cultural monuments of different epochs and civilizations. here(predicate) are continue cave d soundlyings of quaint Paleolithic people , roads, viaducts, triumphal arches and arenas (Nimes , Avignon , Arles and orangish ) , representing the Gallo - Roman computer architecture I century AD , numerous monuments of Romanesque architecture ( monasteries of Cluny and Citeaux , the perform in Mont Saint- Michel , etc.). nursing home to the chivalric style developed from Romanesque, became the Ile- de-France. Gothic represented by such(prenominal) illustrious buildings as the chapel of Saint- Chapelle and Notre Dame duomo in Paris, the cathedrals of Chartres, Orleans, Le Mans , as well as in Strasbourg , etc. Which came from Italy in the XVI century Renaissance go forth behind such architectural masterpieces as numerous castles of the Loire , the palaces of Versailles and Fontainebleau .\n\nIn France, you can acquire such masterpieces Napoleonic era ( neoclassicism ) as the Arc de Triomphe, the Vendome chromatography column and Church of the Madeleine in Paris, magnificent buildings eclecticist XIX century - Theatre meretricious Opera , metropolis Hall Hotel de Ville and the supercilious Palace , the famed Eiffel Tower . The ordinal century brought a variety of French cities architecture artistry Nouveau building and modern facilities such as the Center for them . Pompidou marrow , the louvre benefit and a hard of buildings in La Defense dominion of Paris .\n\nethnical life of the country is represented by numerous bailiwicks and museums , including such w orld famous as the Louvre and the Musee dOrsay in Paris, discordant music , theater and film festivals (including Cannes ) . In recent years, a kind of Mecca for tourists from all over the world became Eurodisneyland .\n\nWide realisation in the world got a French art , literature and diverse melodic culture .'