Personal problems Essay

1. on that point be many things that contribute to the pessimism of deplorable people. Some of the almost great(p) reasons why poor people believe that it is impossible to them to get off of poverty ar eminent competition in labor markets, increase population (increased competition), lack of sufficient jobs, lack of fitting education and the comprehension that the governing body is not doing anything to stand by them. With these factors, behaviors of frustration, oppression and depression will most likely exist. If such behaviors cannot be contained, then the cultivation of criminal brain will be inevitable.2.The most vulnerable groups of people who will get laid in poverty are those who did not complete formal education, those who are indirectly discriminated (due to race, age and social status) and those who have lost their faith with the government dust of service. Possibly, these groups will not be able to access proper wellness disturbance as well. They may not b e able to sacrifice even the basic health services, will not be cover by a health insurance and will be discriminated by corporate-established medical institutions. 3. Most people who live in poverty are aggressive when faced with personal problems.The poor commit crimes and they are high among their established segments in the society (Raffaele, 1968). However, in general, culture of poverty may be described as helplessness, marginality, dependency and the perception of not belong to the system. goal clashes may happen between the poor and the health care delivery system when it comes to understanding the needs of the poor, non- bafflence of the poor to the instructions of health personnel, intimidation on the part of the poor and possibly moral and honorable abuse committed by health personnel.4. To make the healthcare system more responsive to the poor, institutions should at least reach out to poor people even as a form of charity. They should initiate to help the poor because majority of them is socially powerless. Moreover, health institutions should at least adhere to the laws and instructions mandated by the governed in terms of providing services to the poor. References Raffaele, J. A. (1968, May 9). Culture of poverty. Retrieved from http//www. nybooks. com/articles/archives/1968/may/09/culture-of-poverty-2/

Brand Philosophy of a Radio Channel

Brand philosophy Its sulphurous the promo for the channel has become every mean solar day cant of theyouth. Its Hot Most Popular Radio Channel amongst Youth at the 2nd Global Youth Marketing Forum, the tag line its Hot conveys that the brand is young, exciting. Radio Mirchi is also very adaptive as it customizes itself establish on the city it is in. Radio Mirchi Chennai is typically in Tamil and its guideword What a Fun has bowled its fans over. Radio Mirchi Mumbai is dominated by Marathi. Thus, the language, culture and neighborhood atomic number 18 carefully kept in mind by everyone from the RJs to the producers.Radio Mirchi is really an progressive radio billet. It caters to the needs of all sections of society in bitchiness of its young feel. For example, Chatpati Baatein is a show for women, specifically housewives, bored out of their marbles after a long day of work. Similarly, On the Move is for executives and the movers and shakers of the embodied world. Music, ch at shows and interviews are enjoyed by the youth and are relayed throughout the day at regular intervals. It keeps guest informed. Willingness to help customer through various programs. They are having gender base segmentation, age group base, and so forthIn the early daybreak they are targeting to the old persons because they likes bhajans & kirtans. In the early morning they stared this programme at 5 am to 7 am. They are providing gift vouchers, gifts couple tickets, etc. So consumer or the listers are attract and listen the radio mirchi. They are using Clustered Preferences. Radio Mirchi targeted to the college students and teenagers so they are playing desirous & in the buff songs. They are also targeting the mature person & they like to listen songs. Radio Mirchi are playing this kind of old songs in the iniquity in the show Purani Jeans.For many different occasions Mirchi came up with rummy game or any kind of attractive show. For eg. New course of studys, Diwali, R. D. Burmans birthday etc. customers are highly attracted to all these innovative shows and participated. It uses the tagline Sakat hotmaga, Mirchi SunneWale Always Khush, Its hot. Radio Mirchi promotes its radio station in different cities in their local language. The punch line of Radio Mirchi (Mirchi sunnewale always khush) focuses on its customer and the quality of music provided by them. They try to come up with new innovative ideas thereby making their radio the most preferred station with largest listenership.There latest innovation is in the style of radio jockeys. Generally, radio jockeys discourse non-stop quite fast entertaining the masses. Their way of telling jokes attracts people. It delivers the best junto of innovative content and interesting initiatives. Their programs SHOW TIME which target rump AUDIENCE, Female oriented Khoobsurat , Quizzes related to Total Filmy bollywood, Sunset Samosa , get old music Purani Jeans, Ask solution for Dr. Love relationship probl ems . -Naina Sharma schedule no. -935

Irish Family Structure Essay

Family is a combination of unconditional love, although the function or purpose of a family might be similar, family structure differs all over the world. As that beingness said there is a huge difference between the coupled States and Ireland. I choose to pick Ireland because its a small sylvan and its a country we should sincerely be looking up too.Because of Irelands prominent Roman Catholic roots, the family structure has not changed as drastically as it has in other countries. In other countries, dissociate rates ar tending high, people get married at young ages, and families argon veritable(prenominal)ly small. Ireland is more traditional in the aspects when it comes to marriage, strange the United States where divorce is extremely common. Divorce is small in Ireland and extremely rare. One in three families dont end up having the traditional model of a marriage couple.The family structure in Ireland is really devil structures, nuclear and extended, but the majority is nuclear. Nuclear families are families with two parents and extended means families that live with a relative, or a single(a) parent. These two structures deal out up for the majority of Ireland. In many families they pass down traditions, or things the parent(s) would vex. In fact, they each carry the rings of the bonnie Irish cultures. The average children a married couple may have it up to one or two. Huge families are not extremely dominant in Ireland.The average families in Ireland have pretty typical modern utilisations. Womens roles have changed as they began going into the work force. They are no longer expected to be a housewife and take on the nurturing motherly role. For men it is now acceptable to be tenuous and compassionate to their children as well as taking an active role within the family. Many more men are taking a larger role in raising the children and helping out with housework. Children are now seen as competent rather than innocent, acknowledging the ir values, roles, and abilities within society. It is safe to severalise that their roles are typical for a modern American family.

Online Web Services

A sack up intakefulness is a softw atomic number 18 application on a network that has an porthole by dint of which other programs can gain access. Web operate can be as simple as a mortgage calculator program or as complex as a Fortune five hundred parcel system application built from comp unmatchednts from y completely over the world. They are currently being mapd to help large and small businesses range the most from their Information Technology resources by allowing the integration of diverse bundle applications, from desktop programs to large enterprise-wide systems.Not only are web go useful for day-to-day operations of a company, but they are curiously helpful for post- merger or post-acquisition system merger. (Geerts,Paretta & White, 2004). XML, the root markup language and fundamental ingredient for creating web serve, is gaining in popularity, according to IDC, which has seen the growth in XML-based servers go up by 160% over the last year.Forrester Resea rch, Cambridge, Mass. , notes that $500 one million million has al involvey been spent on early projects in the financial operate sector, while Gartner-Group, Stamford, Conn. suggests that the web go software market exit clutches $1. 7 billion in the U. S. by next year and wallow up from there. ( Ismail, Ayman, Samir Patil, and Suneel Saigal, 2002)/ This paper go forth give an overview of web services technology, and take to task about XML, WSDL, SOAP and UDDI and how they fit into the parade. It will also briefly excuse how Microsoft. NET fits into the Web Services architecture. The key to making web services work is data, process, and discourse standardizeds. The communication protocol standard is the same as the Internet, TCP/IP.All com correcters can understand TCP/IP. Web services implement the guest-server model over the World Wide Web). On the client side, for example, they manage the different creen shapes and sizes and the different connection speeds of desktop c omputers, mobile telephones, and PDAs. On the server side, the various programming languages and middleware technologies at work behind each(prenominal) application or data source set out transparent to programmers, so it is a lot easier for them to develop applications.The data standard for TCP/IP is XML, a baffle of syntax rules for adding meaning to data and for building other XML standards. The process standards are actually a set of evolving XML standards SOAP (Simple mark Access Protocol), for packaging messages from one software application to another, A set of rules that facilitate XML exchange between applications. Along with WSDL, SOAP performs message delight functions. (Putting Web Services in a No kink Zone, 2004) WSDL (Web Services Description Language)A common framework for describing tasks performed by a Web service.Suppliers, for example, could discover what kinds of information a companys inventory system offered them-nothing more(prenominal) than a bare ind ication that inventory was approaching zero, for example, or likely due dates as well. UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and IntegrationA set of proper(postnominal)ations for creating XML-based directories of Web services offerings. ofttimes as callers consult the Yellow Pages for the telephone numbers of businesses, substance abusers of and applications for Web services may find them through these directories.Message transport The actual whole caboodle of web services can be describe from a providers and a users perspective. From a providers perspective, a web service is gaind by using the data, process, and communication standards identified above to create a web larboard to one or more software applications. Most of the web services described above provide data from a database in response to specific request parameters. In essence, a web service responds to a ticktock data command by reading the data from a database and move it back to a software application on the I nternet.To actually create such a web service, the provider uses WSDL to define the allowable read access get data commands that the database management software can understand. The web service also knows how to put the results in a SOAP gasbag addressed to the requesting software application and how to send it via the Internet. From a users perspective, a software application must be able to issue the appropriate commands, put them in a SOAP envelope, and send them to the web service interface for processing. This usually requires downloading the WSDL and heapging it into a software application.For example, to use the Xmethods delayed stock plagiarize web service, users employ a web browser to access the WSDL, plug it into an Excel spreadsheet, click the cut-in stock quotes icon that gets added to the Excel shaft of light bar, and fill in the necessary information in the po-pup window. Because the Excel spreadsheet knows how to process XML, it packages the commands in a SOAP env elope addressed to the web service and sends it. When the return SOAP envelope arrives from the web service, Excel knows how to process it and insert the requested data in the appropriate cells.All current software packages, including Microsoft Office, Internet Explorer, and Quicken, can understand and process XML and can therefore interface with web services. General ledger and other accounting packages should soon become XML-enabled. A further objective is to fully automate the process of finding and using web services. Web service providers will publish the availableness of their applications, using UDDI to describe their location and available services and WSDL to define how to use them.When a user logs on to the Internet and launches a software application, it will be able to identify available web services by reading the UDDI. The software application will then know how to use the web services by accessing their WSDL definitions. When the desired web service is found, the use r will simply tell the software application to access it by downloading its WSDL interface instructions. All of the complexity is hidden behind the interface. A competiitor to the XML standard is The Microsoft NET Framework. The Microsoft .NET Framework first announced in July 2000represents a new and in some ways radically different developing foundation for Windows and Web-based servicess. It will overshadow and functionally replace previous Microsoft technologies, including COM and Win32, and will become the focus of all future development efforts across the companys many operating systems Users, in fact, cannot utilize Windows Messenger without signing up for Passport, a universal Internet log-in and identification card, that serves as the gateway to all of Microsofts Internet services.Passport stores users credit card and password information for a host of new consumer services that Microsoft has named Hailstorm. Combining instant messaging, digital music, and video, those s ervices, for a monthly subscription fee, will allow users to purchase products online, receive e-mail at remote cellphones or other mobile devices, and make copies of digital music. The augur for the future is that both XML and Microsoft Passport will pave the way for the writ of execution of every more sophisticated and complext web services, combining audio, visual, multimedia, and text applications.

Leadership in Context

The Ah Hal moment is distributed leadership actually did happened in my past employment as the Course assertioner in the orchestrate Training imbed (ET). Being selected in the ap registerment and the most senior in rank, I naturally assumed the position of the leader with my subordinates taking Instructions from me. However, for definite facts such as organizing of units Chinese upstart Year event, managing of officer cadets glueyness activities, and specific training packages, I delegated the homework to my team.Through the process, it was encouraging to see some of my instructors took the initiative to e blend as the assume leader to organize and success righty completed the task with minimum super imaging. Despite being successful, I had besides observed that my instructors Kim-Yin Chain et al. , soldiery leadership in the 21st degree Celsius Science and Practice, 1st edition (capital of Singapore Coinage Learning Asia, 2011). stage 148 2 Leonard Wong, Paul Bellie s, and Dennis McGuire, Military leadership A Context Specific Review, US Army Research, January 1, 2003, http//adolescents. Nil. Due/ chrysanthemum/1 6. Peg 657-692. Reiterative in organizing the event could have been limited by my supervision at some point of time. Hence, It Is of my view that It Is Indeed possible that distributed leadership can be enforced quite successfully In certain aras In safety device. My post-action review Len- relation to the concept of Orpheus are being summarized in trey points. Firstly, application of distributed leadership can be applied in military context oddly for a small group who had run acrossed a certain aim of military competencies.It provides opportunities for a rotational leadership role, allowing any individual to merge as leader and to realize the rich potential as a group. Secondly, the empowerment given to the Individual must be respected and certain(p) to reduce their authority and leadership through a shared vision, complaint and purpose. The concept leave allow the group to generate greater anger and motivating to reach the desired impression. Lastly, distributed leadership affect to be cautiously calibrated in a traditionally hierarchical organization to go along the wrong impression of a laissez- fairer or no leadership approach.By planning forward, distributed leadership can be seed to enhanced specific center field competencies skills 3 such as creative thinking, communicating to do work, decision making, spud people and team, discontinueing the individual for success. confinement 2 State the day of the month that you are likely to be posted to after SC. Being a Combat Engineer by vocation, my next possible denomination faculty be taking oer command in one of the throng of Singapore Combat Engineer (SEE).I shall 3 SAFE-OLD Doctrine directive 2/2004. SAFE Leadership Framework. 26 July 04. Provide my assessment and direction in accordance to Circle of the SAFE Leadership 417 Framework s burster and purpose, direct surroundings and desired outcome, to strive forward and achieve a collective vision for my unit. Mission and Purpose. From the theory of nubble ideology by Jim Collins and Jerry Operas, the core values and core purpose of great organization does not change. The units perpetration and purpose in line with SAFE, in peacetime, is to safeguard our nations security, thereby ensuring Singapore survival ultimately. I will work to ensure that the unit come the function of raise, train and sustain, and continues to be ready to play its role in arrangement Singapore security during my tour and for the foreseeable future. I would withdraw adopting the leadership in Battle and Garrisons that was taught in LLC lesson 8 in achieving the mission under differing situational requirements.Understanding the flexibility of the competing values and behaviors will first allow me to smear emphasis in maintaining relevant in fulfilling the swift and decisive victory s ort of the MINDED/SAFE mission and renewed the focus on the units hotter capability, so as to set in place the building blocks for our evolving role in the future operating environment. 4 SAFE-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004. SAFE Leadership Framework. 26 July 04. Jim Collins and Jerry I. Operas, Built to Last winnerful Habits of illusionist Companies 6 Reuben Gal and A.David Manageresses, Handbook of Military Psychology, 1 edition (Chester naked York Wiley, 1991). Peg. 411-429. 5 Operating Environment From LLC lesson 7 that organizational tillage is eventful to the influence of leadership and vice versa. Edgar H. Scheme said group harvest-home and culture formation can be seen as two sides of the said(prenominal) coin, and both are the result of leadership activities and shared experiences. 7 The operating environment of the unit is not Just being ready to clench any contingency but also being operationally upright to carry out our security operations on a effortless basis .Thus the unit needs to be operationally ready to face the straight complex VI-CA environment. The unit will need to train the men to attain an approved take of technical competence on operating fighting engineers equipments and honing the analytical functions of the commanders to operating in the various operating conditions. The unit culture will be a pattern of hared, basic taken-for-granted assumptions, the culture will manifest itself at the level of observable artifacts and shared espoused beliefs and values. To carry out the demand and influencing the culture, I will take on the leadership by example to be the source of beliefs and values to gradually build a shared assumptions among the commanders and men in the unit. Desired Outcome My desired outcome is to develop an operational, cohesive and discipline unit, which is capable of maintaining safety and achieving mission success in a wide spectrum of operations. The unit should comprises of committed soldiers who are su per proficient in their tasks and proud of their identity as Combat Engineer soldiers.A few come across factors to focus on to maintain high level of performance and competency are (1) To display 7 Edgar H. Scheme, Organizational finale and Leadership, 3rd Edition edition (San Francisco Josses Bass, 2004). Peg 87-88 8 Ibid. Leadership by example. Leaders who walks the talk will change his men and commanders to perceive and be inspired by the actions and commitment. (2) To build quality relationships. I am also a firm believer of the Core Theory of Success 9, where laity results. (3) To instill a sense of purpose.Never go through take and make clear of the purpose in the tasking so as to enable strong sense of ownership and foster a stronger commitment to the unit. Task 3 Identify and explain the key leadership requirements for my appointment. Values radiation pattern 1 . SAFE 24-7 Leadership Frameworks Based on the SAFE 24-7 Leadership Framework (refer to Figure 1), a SAFE le ader will need the four factors provided within the triangular block for effective leadership. First key requirement is values which is the basic foundation of the triangle.A strong set of 9 John Steersman, Organizational Learning at Work Embracing the Challenges of the New Work place (Waltham, Mass Pegasus Communications, 1998). 10 Adapted from SAFE-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004, SAFE Leadership Framework, go out 26 July 2004. Peg values that SAFE leaders derive their moral strength for influencing their soldiers. 11. The greatness of values cannot be overstated and hence my values need to be aligned with the SAFE core values to remain firm in my convictions and actions. Leadership is the process of influencing people. 2 1 will lead by example and exemplify the SAFE core values to positively influence my commanders and men. With the consistent inculcation of values, it will be a guide for everyone to do the right things regardless whether one is being watched or not. Full- align Leadership equilibrate among Transactional and Transformational Figure 2 Relationship of elmwood in the Military Context The next key requirement is leadership hyphens. There is no single leadership style good enough for all situations and pick up three particular styles of leadership (I. E. Situational Leadership, Path-goal theory and Full Range model) from LLC lesson 5, it 11SEA-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004, SAFE Leadership Framework, dated 26 July 2004. Peg 3 13 Adapted from APP Chain, K. Y. , LACE-02-Slides_Overview_Concepts_Appropriateness DARPA-22 for STUDENTS APP. Slide 49. Was unsounded that the styles of leadership were often dependent of the leader, the follower and situations. I believe the full range leadership model is best suited for my next appointment and I need to balance the range of styles between transactional and transformational so that I can effectively communicate and lead as a officer Commanding (CO) of a Battalion.Reaching for transformational lea dership Tyler will likely to yield a positive and longer-lasting effects. Leadership, Management and Command Figure 2 Relationship of ELM in the Military Context Other than SAFE 24-7 Leadership Framework, I will want to look at the concept of Leadership, Management and Command (ELM) (refer to Figure 2) from LLC lesson 2 to be one of the key requirement. ELM are three distinct concepts but inseparable and intertwined1 5. Taking over a command appointment makes me dwell deeper into the LLC 14 Adapted from APP Chain, K. Y. , daft 15 Chain et al. Military Leadership in the 21st carbon Science and Practice. Peg 8-14 concept. Looking beyond peacetime tasking and operations, although the application of all three concept are equally important, I will focus much on leadership role to influence soldiers by providing the purpose, direction and motivation that required to achieved mission success. 16 Task 4 My leadership strengths and weaknesses? correspond to my MYSELF report and matching the result with the SAFE 24-7 Leadership Framework, I had clearly exhibited a value-based leadership and my strength in the core competency were mission, affable and tuitional.The results resonated well urine my appointment as Course Commander, with extremely steamed training the end-of-course survey, highlighting areas like our instructors role modeling, value inculcation, individual development and mission focus. The positive feedbacks were good indications that my instructors understood their roles well and they were given opportunities to develop and lead with my guidance. Socially, I had displayed good interpersonal effectiveness and able to communicate to influence my team well. With strengths, there is also weakness. One of my weakest factor account was inflexibility of my leadership style.Previously as Course Commander, I was not deeply exposed to the various leadership styles as compared to now in muck up SC. Then, I adopted a more consistent leadership style towards my trainees and my team thinking that a more homogeneous outcome in the inculcation of the SAFE core values was better. 16 Ibid However, I know this might not be the most effective method to prompt and lead the team. An effective leaders are those who can shift between transactional and transformational leadership styles as required by circumstances and the characteristics of followers17.

An Utopian Society

Utopian alliance where all your needs be taken cargon of by someone else sounds wonderful to many people. In a socialist society, everyone is taken cargon of, given a job, and the presidency handles the blood line end of things. Capitalism, on the other hand, is a very different society model where citizens are pushed to success by their testify merit, production and prices are ground on supply and demand, and business models are efficient. This sounds like a lot of work, but is meliorate in the long run. While fabianism has some benefits, Capitalism is a greater system of society as it al low-downs citizens more control in their own society.Most importantly, capitalism pushes citizens to make out their own wealth through competition. You are what you choose to be. If you wish to own a business, you can. If you desire to make more money, you can. If you desire to gain barely education or training to get out of a low level job, you can. In a capitalistic society, those wh o work hard blend in ahead. Those who desire to push themselves will reap the benefits they, themselves, have sown. In a socialist society, everyone works for the greater good.Even if its not a oddly important job, you have one. The main thought process behind collectivism is comparability to lessen the gap between rich and poor. Then, some may say, that because of the competition- ungenerousd mental capacity of capitalism, it creates an equality gap. This is true, in that respect is a huge gap between those who are extremely successful and those who are barely scraping by. However, those at the penetrate have the opportunity to become better if they desire and have the find to do so.Secondly, the two society models differ in who controls production of goods. In a socialist society, the government controls production of goods and also implements price controls. Because of this, you every pay the price for the item or do without there is no searching for a lower price at a competitor. Again, its the idea of being equal and fair. In a capitalistic society, production of goods is make by private businesses, not the government.Therefore, production of goods and their costs are based on a supply and demand system. This creates a greater opening night of wealth because if you produce a good product at a fair price, people will buy it. A downside that can muster in a capitalistic society is that of monopolies in business. To that we can fix back to the first idea of striving to be better (than your competitor). If there is a company that makes a product and they have a shoetree on the market that youre not happy with, simply create a better product or one at a better price. The opportunity is there for you to achieve in a capitalistic society.Lastly, since socialism and capitalism differ in how they produce goods, there is also a different mentality behind their production process. Capitalism is concerned with devising the most profit, so business m odels are more efficient than those in a socialist society that are run by the government. Businesses in a capitalistic market are concerned with making as much profit as possible. Therefore, they will streamline their business practices so that they can produce the best product possible for the lowest price in order to increase their profit.Oftentimes in socialist societies, where the government controls production, there are no incentives to streamline business. You make the same fall of money, whether it takes you two days to create a product or a week. Some may say that the hunt for the almighty dollar in a capitalistic society causes businesses to cut corners or do muddied work. This can certainly happen, however that business will find that their consumer base disappears if they are producing less than quality work. Which again, pushes us back to the first stay of competition in a capitalist society.In the end, while socialism sounds like an idealistic society in which no o ne is poor, everyone has a job, and food in their stomachs, one will find there are many flaws to the system. Instead, a society based on capitalism is a far superior model because it creates a culture of competition to make it and achieve, allows companies to create products based on demand and prices based on supply, and in conclusion keeps businesses streamlined and efficient. While there are obvious possible downfalls to this fictional character of society, it is still a superior option to a society in which you are told what you will be, have no opportunities to change that, and everything is controlled by the government.

Analysis of Arguments for and Against the Institutions

The Bretton forest twins, namely the International Monetary bloodline and the International lingo for Reconstruction and Development, have been the focus of attention for some(prenominal) years already since its inception. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development has been changed to its soon popular name of World Bank. It is the aim of this paper to make a general presentation and evaluation of the argument posed for and against the Bretton wood institutions in relation to their influence on the sovereign decision making branch of the different countries in the global economic arena.During its creation, the IMF and the World Bank has been confined with practices of neoliberal economy policies that sought to liberalize the market from the state and understate government intervention in the premise that the state itself was conceived as the occupation rather than the solution (Onis and Senses 2005 264). It has been clearly pointed out by Onis and Senses (2005) that the effects of unyielding adherence to the neoliberal practices proposed by the Bretton Woods institutions have led to problems for a lot of countries.Among them is Argentina who has fallen suddenly at the peak of its thrill (Onis and Senses 2005). This was followed by a shift of the Bretton Woods institutions to rethinking the neoliberal practices they have obligate as a tight rope to the countries they have bestowed with different programmes. However, it is bland stained with uncertainty as to whether their sincerity is real or non in the light of their operations (Onis and Senses 2005 280).The arguments posed by the authors, Onis and Senses (2005), have been followed by concrete examples from countries that have adopted the neoliberal approaches hailed to be good by the Bretton Woods institutions but did not directly provide as to how and why there were visitations on the part of the Bretton Woods institutions than what Stiglitz (2003) had done. Another counter-argu ment thrown towards the IMF, in particular, is its failure in the East Asian Crisis.It has not adhered to the objectives originally formulated by Keynes when it had begun, which was to adopt policies that are expansionary in nature and to provide for funding to developmental undertakings (Stiglitz, 2003). In fact, they have provided for policies that have been contractionary fiscal policies that either involved minify public spending, increase in taxes, or adopting both. With regard to objectives, this argument state by Stiglitz is valid for it has stated the whys of the failure of IMF with regard to objectives.The author in addition provided the answer to the question how by stating that the IMF has been responsible to a single burgeon forth of representatives, who are in turn be coming less and less account competent (Stiglitz 2003 119). A good argument placed upon the World Bank has something to do with the fact that it has been able to learn from the mistakes of the IMF and was able to discuss the problems that have chevy their organization (Stiglitz 2003). The World Bank, unlike the IMF, was accountable to a lot of sectors and, with its leaders, was able to discuss the problems and criticisms that have been pushed their way (Stiglitz 2003).This approach by the World Bank was better than the actions of the IMF, who actually blamed the governments for poor implementation. However, with regard to the precautions disposed by the Bank to the ontogenesis countries, there are certain conditions such(prenominal) as policies that would pave the way for the success of the aid given (Stiglitz 2003 124). Thus, this has rendered the aid more selective. These are among the several arguments placed and there is more coming from the different fields in the academe. These criticisms only show that the institutions formed Bretton Woods left some more room for improvement.In addition to this, these arguments have shown that the courses of action taken by these insti tutions had impacts that are felt by both the developing and the developed countries. References Onis, Z. and Senses, F. (2005), Re-thinking the Emerging Post-Washington Consensus. Development and Change 36, (2) 263-290. Stiglitz, J. (2003), Democratizing the International Monetary stock certificate and the World Bank Governance and Accountability. Governance An International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institutions 16, (1) 111-139.

Sample Business Plan for Cafeteria

CHARMAINE (The Battle of skinny and Bad Toys) Char of importe is a 10-year old girl grew up with the care of her grandparents. She spends or so of her time in her room playing with her toys since her lola doesnt allow her to go outside and play with other children. It became a norm to her not to address and just to burst all her emotions alonewith the toys. ***Opening paragraph introduces the main character (very briefly,) and the situation or point of change that starts the story. Her wish was tending(p) one Christmas eve that all her toys could have their lives.While asleep, her toys came to life but is divided the cracking toys and the bad toys. The bad toys get Charmaines body for they rely that in their world, Charmaine would be happier. The good toys stand with the reason that no consequence how the child is taken for granted, she still belongs in the real world. ***Here is the datethe battle of the good and bad toys began because of different beliefs. As the battle c ontinues to rise, as the bad toys tried their best in convincing that they can authorise the unconditional venerate and attention that Charmaine is always privationed.The little child was compound for at some point she realizes that in her life, all that she has is herself, and her toys that never unexpended her, that never got tired of being with her, that accepts her and always ready to listen. But the good toys never stop making them realize the truth, that only her family can live Charmaine and give her the feeling of contentment. Because of her good heart despite the pain she has been through, Charmaine chose to calculate of all the things she has and appreciate the effort of her grandparents for raising her up.She stood by the good toys with the mind that somehow, the bad toys will understand her and hope that her grandparents will realize that all child needs undivided attention, unconditional love, company and freedom to allow them live every minute of their lives in its fullest. ***This paragraph serves several functions we suss outGood toys selflessness for no matter how they want to be with Charmaine in their world, they still chose to bring back the girl to the humans and Charmaines understanding and good heart for still appreciating life and love despite things she is longing for love, attention, care and freedom.

Captures a large and varied target audience Essay

Factual political planming takes up a large percentage of terrestrial and digital airtime in the f in all in Kingdom. It could easily be considered the largest of the genres, and it has many sub-genres that make up for a favorite airtime filler. One of the most influential sub-genres in factual programming would be considered to be the News, which captures a large and varied target auditory modality and holds all mealtime slots for each day. The watchword programmes have always been a very measurable part of the British society, and a lot of mountain take the entropy dumbfounded on these programmes as absolute fact.This is largely due to the way these programmes present themselves. The news readers are always dressed in a vigorous presented way (the traditional English suit and tie), which gives the sense of hearing a sense of the presenter being a representative of truth and accuracy and gives him/her a place in authority. This is a very subtle technique to diverge th e audience that the facts presented to them are being relayed in an appropriate manner. Codes of news in the beginning we have a dramatic music so that the audience could recognise that code which means its an important program.Also, we have the launching in the beginning. The globe in the intro symbolises news about the world. However, ITV uses outstanding Ben to show that its about London and the parliament which shows accuracy. On the another(prenominal) hand, BBC News program is about the world because its a noteworthy channel which has many subsidiaries in many different languages. What makes a news studio apartment looks news? We have a desk. Also, we have images in the studio of the news stories. This is a code because the pictures are real and news footage pictures. The audience recognise that its a fact news program.Its a convention to have an older man presenting a news program to show that he have had more experience in life. On the other hand, a woman presenter turn to be young to give a bit of beauty and taste to the program. In the program there are news features, they are produced from a location by a news reporter. This is all factual reportage. This is both code and convention, because its not scripted and all the images are real. Speaking in neck of the woods accent shows that this news program is for everybody. This is a code.What type of people gets interviewed at bottom? Doctors, politicians etc. this is a convention. An example can be a law officer being interviewed outside to show the public that the police are outside with them. This is a convention. Reporters plays also a role in the news, reporters speaks to the camera, they marrow squash up the story and they look head uply at the camera to direct the audience who are watching the news show. News shows also uses people that has different point of views in their program to make their show more debated and serious.

Perfection Essay

litigious EssayThe seek for nonesuchIf you were a child with lung cancer, would you want psyche to find a cure, or just live in failure for the rest of your life? Doctors Dr. Melissa Stopper and Dr. J. Burr Ross try each day to find some type of cure or manipulation for patients who are battling with lung cancer. Trying to find perfection has led to many accomplishments in our society. The appear for perfection leads our society to advances and saves nations lives from misery.The Quest for perfection doesnt lead to misery or oppression because with that quest we take up found cures for diseases like lung cancer. According to the Thomara Latimer Cancer Foundation, 2.6 percent of deaths occurred in the U.S. every year. some 564,800 tidy sum are expected to die of cancer both year. Without a way of finding a cure of treatment to a greater extent than that number of people will die from lung cancer. Trying to find cures for diseases has also, provided an cash advance in our daily lives.Medicine, prosthetics, and contact lenses wouldnt be here mighty now if Robert Bartlenn, turncock Baliff of Berlin or, Sir John Herschel didnt try to find a way to perfect deformities. Without Robert Bartlenn, we wouldnt do the medicine to treat aid or even treat Breast Cancer. People like Peter Baliff, and Sir John Herschel created prosthetics and contact lenses. Their advancements and accomplishments have made this world, a better arrange to live.Transportation would not be how it is now if the Wright Brothers and Karl Benz didnt try to pay their creations better. If we didnt have the Wright Brothers create the first glider/airplane, we wouldnt have Southwest, Delta, American, or JetBlue airlines like we do now. If it werent for Karl Benz we would be riding approximately in a Toyota, Mazda, Benz, or Cadillac without his creation. If we didnt have these talented people, we would credibly still be riding around on buggies and horses. Air Bags wouldnt have bee n created if it wasnt for John W. Hetrick. In 1951, he invented theair pop system. Without him we wouldnt have the safety we have today in our cars. About more than six years ago, an investigation by the Kansas City booster newspaper found that 1,400 people may have died from in head-on or frontal collisions because they didnt have air bags. More people couldve died further John W. Hetrick made a creation that shocked the world.An protestation to these facts would be that compulsion with plastic surgery to be perfect leads to moo self-esteem. To that statement, my counterargument would be thats true but people have obsession with plastic surgery to fix or better prosthetics. Sometimes people use plastic surgery to make themselves feel important or have high self-esteem. Also, another objection is having discrimination against people that are not perfect. My refute to the statement above would be Yes, but if everyone was the same in that respect would be no judgment and discr imination. If everyone were the same in that respect would be no name calling or bullying because everyone would be the same as each other. As an example, here is a extract by Gandhi The only difference between man and man all the world over is one degree, and not of kind, even as there is between trees of the same species. Mahatma GandhiIn my opinion, I still believe the search for perfection leads our society to many advances. Without this quest we wouldnt the cures, advances or accomplishments today With the information Ive provided, do you agree or disagree that the Quest for perfection always lead to misery and oppression?

Effective Speakers Essay

President William Jefferson Clinton, the forty-second President of the United States is a prime display case of what it means to be an effective vocaliser. Although George H. W. Bush and Bob Dole were highly qualified opp wiznts in the 1992 and 1996 elections, it was Clintons foundation skills and ability to contribute an audition that earned him his successive terms in office. President Clinton owned the room from the beginning of his first base presidential debate.Upon being asked his first app bent motion, Clinton flinged up to the lady seeking answers, shape his shoulders toward her, t atomic number 53ed her straight in the eye, and asked her to repeat her name. As soon as she responded with her name, Clinton repeat her name back to her and answered her question passionately and reassuredly. (Koegel, 2007, p. 06-07). Effective discourseers cigaret walk into a room, take the auditory sense by surprise, and deliver a presentation that is both passionate and natural . A donor does non have to be perfect, nor does the reference expect him or her to be so.According to Henninger (2010), making a mistake, forgetting a segment of your speech, or falling speechless for a min is okay as long as your presentation has value. An effective utterer knows how to avoid gestures and facial expressions that point out his or her mistakes. Public utter skills are not inherited. It is a talent and a technique that has perform second hand to a speaker system through a smashing deal of practice. Can any whizz be an effective speaker? The answer to this question is yes with sufficient association, tools, and practice, any mavin flowerpot stand up and own the room. Be nonionised An exceptional giver is bingle who is organized and an organized presentation is bingle that has a developed structure. The average human being has a actually small attention span therefore a speakers best speech is unrivaledness that is short and to the point. At most, a c omfortably presentation only ineluctably two or three main points. Thats really all the hearing wants to hear any federal agency (Henninger, 2010). The audience is also more obligated to heed to a conferrer who looks organized. first-year impressions are crucial when a presenter is trying to sell his or her ideas, services, or products.Thirty seconds of floundering before the audience can send a negative signal that suggests that the presenter is unprepared and can also constitute question as to whether or not the presenter is even confident in what it is he or she is trying to promote (Koegel, 2007, p. 45-46). A speaker only gets one impression, so he or she should strive to demonstrate it a positive one by looking and being organized. discourse Passionately A presenter must be passionate about(predicate) his or her topic in order for the presentation to be persuasive. If a presenter is not passionate about the topic, and then why should the audience even care about it?Ma ny presenters are guilty of delivering protracted presentations that painstakingly reinforce their topic. According to communication experts, the time on a presentation should be slimmed down and the energy should be boosted up (Layman, 2011). A presenter should be aware of his or her voice when delivering a speech. If ones tone is droning and monotone, then the presenter can seeming expect to look out into an audience that is either asleep or captivated with something other than the presentation on point. Speak up, speak from the heart, and speak with conviction.In keeping with Koegel (2007), a presenters voice is an superficial expression of his or her passion. Engage the Audience A powerful speaker is one who can engage his or her audience. People do not particularly care to sit silently through an exhaustive presentation. near audiences want to participate and be a part of it. One way to engage with the audience is to encourage audience participation. Meet with the audience before the presentation, learn a few of their names, and listen to comments that are being made. When delivering the presentation, the presenter can address these comments and call on audience members by name.Addressing the audiences issues and demonstrating that time was taken to know them by name builds a relationship with the audience. It is significantly important to make eye contact with the audience as well. By looking people in the eye, a presenter enhances two-way communication as well as encourages and establishes trust and a congenial give and take relationship (Downey, 2011). Many speakers have been devoted the advice at one time or another to find an pulseless object, such as the wall in the back of the room, and focus in on it when delivering a presentation.By looking over the audience, the presenter can alleviate the anxiety that he or she may be experiencing, refuse? Unfortunately, the wall in the back of the room is not going to be the one making the lineage deci sions that daytime. The audience makes the decisions and if a speaker cannot communion to the audience, then the audience will more than likely seek business with someone who can. Act Natural An exceptional speaker always appears natural. If the speaker looks confidant and relaxed, then the audience will be relaxed.A presenter should stray from giving formal presentations overflowing with facts and statistics try leaning towards a style that is more conversational, engaging, and full of illustrative stories and current events that relate to ones topic. Telling a story or beginning a presentation with an anecdote is a good way to break the ice, moderation a presenters anxiety, and engage the audience at the equal time because telling stories is something that comes naturally to humans. However, be sure that the story or anecdote flows with the topic on point.An effective presentation should not start scripted. Writing out the presentation is okay, but the speaker must then figh t the temptation to read it word for word. The written word does not flow nor does it have the same approach as the spoken word. If a presenter feels obligated to write out his or her presentation and conform to scripts, then he or she should be sure to lose the functionary tone and write in the manner that he or she speaks (Koegel, 2007, p. 122). infer the Audience An effective speaker is one who can connect with his or her audience.According to Koegel (2007), regarding the business, issues, and concerns of the audience is an excellent way to achieve this goal. onwards pitching a sales presentation, a presenter should research and good understand his audience. There are a number of ways one can achieve this, such as researching the companys website to understand a firms morals, beliefs and objectives or another option would be to speak with employees within the organization prior to a meeting. As you present, you should look for opportunities to add value.Researching and under standing your audience is imperative and can present opportunities in which value can be added. An organization is more likely to listen and do business with a speaker who has demonstrated his or her knowledge of the company more so than a salesperson whose only gustatory perception is to acquire another sale. Once a speaker becomes familiar with the wants and needs of the audience, the presentation becomes much easier to craft (Mackay, 2011). Practice to Improve Humans are creatures of habit. The human body seeks comfort when placed in an uncomfortable situation.An example of this can be putting ones hands in his or her pockets or looking down towards the floor. These minute gestures speak on behalf of the presenter and inform the audience that the speaker is uneasy about something. Without practice, a speaker cannot improve on these habits. There are many opportunities during the day to put into practice various speaking techniques. These skills should be practiced during ones da ily routine and not in live win-or-lose situations (Koegel, 2007, p. 6). If a speaker is in need of further assistance, he or she can hire a presentation coach.Effective speaking is not something one inherits at birth it is a talent that is achieved through hard work and consistent practice. There is no reason to feel ashamed for ask for external help. Baseball great Hank Aaron batted cross handed until a bat coach corrected his style that led him to break Babe condolences home run record. To Aaron and his colleagues, his hitting style before was satisfactory, in time it is often easier and beneficial to receive constructive criticism from outsiders instead of ones own employees or colleagues (Porro, 2011).The point of this story is that even when someone is good at something already, that person is still not perfect. Practice, whether it is on ones own time or through the assistance of a presentation coach, may not make a presenter a perfect speaker, but it opens the door for i mprovement and will make delivering a speech second nature to the presenter. By allowing ones self to practice these techniques, it is then that the speaker becomes effective.

Preferred language style Essay

Conduct a debate on Most job prospects atomic number 18 concerned with baseline pay. Incentives and benefits do very little to persuade a candidate to accept an organizations employment offer if baseline compensation is slightly below the candidates expectations. Incentives and other benefits argon frequently given lesser importance by the candidates who want to aggregate a new job. There are several reasons for this- 1. Many of the employees do not give enough of importance to benefits and incentives that are not financial. They ordinarily focus on improving their pay packages rather than their non-pay benefits.2. Many candidates may not be sure whether they would be able to earn the incentives and other benefits provided. They would feel that such packages are merely eyewashes so that the job appears magnetic and are able to take it up. 3. People often evaluate ontogenesis rate and the development rate in terms of monetary specie than by determining the incentives and o ther benefits. 4. Baseline pay is given great importance to fairness by the employees than the incentives. 5. The external competitiveness is greater when the employees are being paid a higher(prenominal) baseline salary compared to incentives. 6.When the candidate comes for the interview for the job, he/she may convey to job duties to be tough. In such a circumstance, he/she would be considering earning the incentives very difficult, and hence would be looking at increasing their baseline salary. 7. People would more soft settle down for a job that offers more security (one that gives higher monetary funds) compared to those that are insecure and offer incentives. 8. Some employees may consider incentives as a form of encouragement for doing extra work. Many employees may even feel that incentives may prompt them to work beyond running(a) areas, which may be not liked.ReferencesFrederiskon, L. W. (1983). Contents. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management. http//www. hawort hpress. com/ interpose/Toc_views. asp? TOCName=J075v05n01_TOC&desc=Volume%3A%205%20Issue%3A%201 HRMC (2007). Baseline Pay, Retrieved on June 12, 2007, from My Own toffee-nosed communicate Web site http//www. citehr. com/baseline-pay-vt1462. html My Own Private Radio (2006). On employee compensation note 3, Democracy in Action, Retrieved on June 12, 2007, from My Own Private Radio Web site http//myownpirateradio. com/2006/02/13/on-employee-compensation-%E2%80%93-note-3-democracy-in-action/

McDonald marketing planning Essay

The complexness of merchandise prep gist that when organizations embark on it, they should expect to encounter a number of organizational, attitudinal, impact and cognitive hassles (McDonald 2002). This keepvass is an attempt to outline some of those conundrums, however it is beyond this essay to clarify all possible restrictions in implementing a merchandising plan. After the potential breastworks ar of executing argon specified the essay pull up s upshots try and give possible solutions. The essay entrust premiere look at organizational constraints and then progress onto operating(a) barriers.organisational barriersIt is non un crude for merchandising planners to experience difficulties in gaining wholehearted exe disasterive commitment for an ongoing programmed of, training implementation and control. This is often due to a lack of evidence thinking merchandise proviso to direct financial benefit. This occupation is little prevalent in the separate(a) o rganisational disciplines of Management, Production, Finance and Human Resource. Although selling describes itself as the see headache discipline- and rightly so if properly app duplicityd-vested interests often prevail to obstruct its centrality (McDonald 2002). In pract sorbet the other strands are satisfactory to flex varying degrees of muscle with the result that is often marginalised. Part of the problem is that marketing is perceived as an abstract art rule sort of than a science. Although a unseas geniusd status- that of Chartered Marketer- has been accorded to qualifying members of the Chartered nominate of marketing (Ree.C. 2000), the level of public awareness is low.A major crap for c at erstrn is that many an(prenominal) organisations separate the tercet disciplines of business ( intersection, HR, AND marketing). The problem with separating the three disciplines is that there will be a lack of participation of the key functions of the company. This is wherefo re a market-orientated approach is needed. As far back as the 1960s Lear (1963)recognised the barriers involved and that, whilst marketing orientation was desirable from the tear of view of customers, the efficiency found structure of nigh organisations limited what could be achieved. Morgan and Piercy (1991) cite lack of proper training as a major inhibitor of marketing orientation this in turn can lead to wishy-washy brasss and therefore weak, poorly valued marketing. Marketing orientation is of course a cultural issue. Smircich (1983) sought to define organisational culture as something, which may be influenced, castrated and manipu new-maded, and in turn influence, change and manipulate members and features of an organization.(Smircich 1983 p359)In her article, Wilson (2000) quotes an hypothesis that culture make grows through problem solving indoors an organisation unless suggests that the lack of clarity of definition leaves us with the conclusion that culture is c reate from a variety of external manifestations (observed as behaviors and bringes) backed up by belief systems. This complexity may be the main reason why culture moves slowly- it involves changing behaviors and shaking beliefs.(Wilson 1998 p3)The slow acceptance of new cultural developments like market orientation and the intersection point of departments could act as a barrier in the adoption and implementation of market intend techniques. useable barriersThe blueprint and implementation mold of marketing planning can be subject to numerous dos of possible problems. Many companies create now opted for hold marketing procedures, McDonald affirms that introduction of formalized marketing planning systems amaze earnest organizational and behavioral implications for a company as it requires a change in its approach to managing its business.(McDonald, 2002, p79)Unless businesses recognize these implications and seek ways of coping with these changes their planning could fa il. This essay is now going to focus on possible operable barriers a business may face, when designing and implementing a marketing plan.McDonald states, A major cause of failure or partial failure of marketing planning systems is the belief that once a system is designed, it can be implemented immediately.(McDonald 2002 p82)Businesses who subscribe to this view often fail to implement a timetable for their plans. This can cause them to not fully plan the planning process. The curt planning could cause ineffective plans as they are not seek and tested, it could also cause them not being communicated successfully. McDonald discuss how planning the planning process above all gives a resolute sense of purpose, and committedness is required, tempered by patience and a willingness to appreciate the inevitable problems which will be encountered in its implementation.(McDonald 2002 p82)Possible problems can occur in the presentation of the planning terms. Confusion between members of a n organisation concerning the content of the marketing plan can be elevated due to perplex terminology and lush amount of information and detail. Planners are usually highly proficient and use expressions, which can be perceived by operational managers as meaningless jargon (McDonald 2002). Elaborate systems can often be demonic for e reallywhere planning. Over planning can create huge amount of data and information, which may not necessarily be needed. This can be de-motivating for all concerned and cause loss of focus to the main issues (McDonald 2002 p85).McDonald writes active how the once a year ritual culture is one of the near common weaknesses in the marketing planning systems (McDonald 2002). about Managers see the committal to writing of a marketing plan as a troublesome activity, which is entirely completed to gratify headquarters. This could lead to the plans being thrown aside and not properly completed or followed. McDonald states that whilst this is obvious ly closely related to other explanations as to why some planning systems are ineffective, a common feature of companies that treat marketing planning as a once a year ritual is the swindle lead time wedded for the completion of the process, managers tend to relegate it to secondary importance.(McDonald 2002 p86)Managers disarray over tactics and dodge form the foundations of why so many businesses become less profitable. McDonald articulates that a tactical plan covers in quite a lot of detail the actions to be taken, by whom, during a short term planning period. This is usually for one year or less. A strategic plan is a plan, which covers a period beyond the future(a) fiscal year. Usually this is for between three and five years.(McDonald 2002 p31) former decades save seen businesses using short-run tactical marketing. Many businesses utilise their short-term tactical strategies as a justification as to why they had been successful. McDonald is in disagreement with this an d believes firms using these tactics were largely successful in the seventies and 80s due to the simple environment and the easy marketability of outputs and services (MacDonald 2002). The increased complexity of todays markets has meant that businesses need to have a more than than strategic and long-term approach. However McDonald explains that even when several businesses realize they need to take a more strategic approach they implement strategies, which are more sales forecasting and budgeting (McDonald 2002).The reason for this misguidance is that managers can confuse operational planning and strategic planning some even argue that the two are separate entities, whereas they are really much interlinked. The mistake made by manymangers is that the figures that appear in the long-term corporate plan are little more than statistical extrapolations that satisfy boards of directors (McDonald 2002). This common misdemeanor subjects the operational and the long-term plans to beg um divorced from each other. The short-term plans become reactionary and the long-term plans lose their relevance and much needed cohesion and logic. McDonald explains, This separation positively discourages operational managers from thinking strategically, with the result that detai take operational plans are created in a vacuum.(McDonald 2002 p88)A real life example of a business separating tactics and long-term strategy was Ben and Jerrys ice cream. Ben and Jerrys had enjoyed profound profitability until 1994 when their target market which consisted of exclusive high priced ice cream eaters shifted to more affordable ice cream. This lead Ben and Jerrys to re-evaluate their once alluring pricing strategy and engage in a price war, which ultimately meant a loss of profitability. Ben and Jerrys lost market function because they fai guide to change themselves and adapt to a new competitive environment because of organisational inertia. To cover this Ben and jerrys need to identif y the changing tastes of consumers. To do this they need to develop a marketing plan, they showed no real evidence in doing this in the past. Ben and Jerrys reliance on cause-generated marketing (short- term) had its benefits of adaptability, however long-term marketing planning has focus. (Gilbert.G. 2001)The implementation of marketing planning is very reliant upon best information. Poor information can erect possible barriers in achieving business objectives. Piper and Smith conclude, The basic logic of strategic planning is the production of a system which reserves the matching of internal strengths with external opportunities whilst offsetting internal weaknesses and orthogonal threats.(Piper and Smith 2002 p32)The barrier to affectively achieving this is obtaining the right information Piper and Smith state that poor information can be as damaging as ones made on intuition and past experience(Piper and Smith 2002,p32)A classic example of businesses gathering insufficient in formation was coca-cola. In the late 70s and early 80s coca-colas research found out that the taste of their product was not recognized as superior to the other cola drinks. This led coca-cola to change the taste. In testing the new and improved flavor they used blind test research. The test concluded that a larger pct of people choosing the new flavored coca-cola drink over any other drink. This led them to dramatically introduce the new flavor instead of the old one. Although initially this went well, people started to complain that Americas symbol and long-term friend had betrayed them. People started to convey the old coke and turn down the new flavor. Coca-cola received over 40,000 complaint letters and America even laid plans to file a class action lawsuit against coca-cola (Hartley 1998).Obtaining adequate research information from audits is very problematic and expensive. Acquiring good information is often a barrier in the process of a good marketing plan.Solutions on desi gn and implementation barriersWicks writes an interesting article about how the marketing department within businesses must market themselves in order to gain good financial backing and support. Wicks argues that a too familiar story in business is that of marketing departments budgets being cut in poor times, which leaves a demoralized marketing team. To back this claim up a recent survey by the university of Warwick asked top managers if business was poor what would be the root thing cut. In number one spot came marketing with 23% (Wicks 2002). To solve this problem Wicks argued that a similar approach to that of focusing externally on customers must be adopted internally. The customer is senior centering and the competition is other departments who are also partners,as they may grapple some of the budget if done correctly (Wicks 2002). Wicks states the next step is to trade the department and relate everything to the goals of senior management and keep things simple.(Wicks 2002 p4)The convergence and inter department co-operation is largely a cultural thing. McDonald states marketing is a management process whereby the resources of the whole organisation are utilized to satisfy the ineluctably of selected customer groups in order to achieve the objectives of both parties. Marketing, then, is first gear and foremost an attitude of mind rather than a series of useable activities.(McDonald 2002 p565)Rose (1990) proffered that success lies in engaging the employee with the goals of the Company aligning the wishes, needs and aspirations of each individual who works for the organisation with the successful pursuit of its objectives. Hodgetts (2000) asseverate that companies seeking to survive in the 00s must create organisational design based on sharing authority, responsibility, and resources amongst people and divisions to achieve common goals. By this nitty-gritty, managers will be able to change their strategies, continually realigning their organi sations with emerging opportunities, then articulating the new strategies so everyone knows what the organisation is about.The convergence of departments and non-isolation of marketing is crucial in the co-operation in marketing planning, Organisational culture has a significant impact on if and how ranked change can be implemented. By centering an organisation on its knowledge, and allowing free flow of that knowledge, it is possible to break down these barriers (Cive. E.2000).McDonald argues that one of the most debated issues in marketing planning today is where the responsibility for setting objectives and strategies should lie (McDonald 2002). What is not argued by McDonald is thatshort-tactics and long-term strategy should not be unaffectionate or misunderstood. McDonald believes that operational planning and strategic planning should be very much part of the same process, he states that wherever possible they should be completed at the same, using the same managers and the same information process.(McDonald 2002 p88)The strategic plan should be completed first and cover a period of between three and five years and when this is completed the operational and more detailed plan should be created (McDonald 2002). McDonald concludes, Never write the one year plan first and extrapolate it.(McDonald 2002 p564)The integration of tactics and strategy should stop the divergence of the short-term thrust of a business at the operational level from the long-term objectives of the enterprise (McDonald 2002). It should also prevent the soaking up with short-term results at operational level, which according to McDonald makes a business less effective in the long run (McDonald 2002).Once the planning system is designed and tested a major problem that has to be avoided is the excessive planning and detailed as mentioned earlier. McDonald maintains that in successful companies there is at all levels a wide spread understanding of the key objectives that have to be ach ieved and a means of achieving them. This cohesiveness is achieved by a means of layering. At each level management analysis is synthesized into a form that ensures that only the essential information needed for decision purposes reaches the next level (McDonald 2002). The presentation of strategic plans should be clear and concise. A good marketing plan should be no more than about a xii PowerPoint slides that can be easily read, understood, and shared widely. It must support the overall business strategy and contain simple success metrics that link to the financial goals of senior management (Wicks 2002).As mentioned earlier the acquisition of good and reliable data can prove to be a barrier in the implementation of a marketing plan. Poor information could fashion a marketing plan unsuccessful. Alice Clegg argues that researchers need to apply impression and to have a broad base of knowledge and know how to combine evidence successfully, from both qualitative and quantitative sources. McDonald argues that a company should have good sound information flow and scan the environment thoroughly. This could be done through adequate sources of information and internal databases of information. This should lead to more detailed forecasting and limited possible problems.In concluding a business should strive for a culture, which embraces cross-departmental involvement in marketing. Marketing should be state of mind in every member of an organization. The marketing planning structure should be adequately planned and tested. A business should have a systematic procedure with a common format. The long-term strategic plan should cover between three and five years and be interlinked with the one-year operational plan. Within the plans a systematic system should be developed to prioritize objectives and interlinked them. The environment should be thoroughly scanned and information should be passed up the channels through a laying system, which only allow relevant info rmation to be passed on.ConclusionMarketing planning is a series of activities concerning objectives, auditing, analysis and assumptions. The complexity of it renders it subject to possible problems and barriers. Organisational culture and management ignorance are major barriers in implementation of a marketing plan. Some organisation seem to not merit the possible benefits of strategic planning, they cut marketing budgets and isolate the department. Managers can confuse the short-term plans with the long-term plans. short-run plans are often prepared first which regularly means they are reactionary and discourage managers thinking strategically.Organisations should create a culture, which embraces marketing, it is, andshould be a state of mind, with all departments involved. Organisations should develop the strategic long-term plan first and then create the short-term operational plans. The marketing planning process should be structured and planned extensively, with objectives li sted in importance. Marketing planning and implementation face many barriers however following structured and planned models can avert and foresee potential problems.

Marketing Parker Pen Strategy

Parker write HistoryGeorge Safford Parker, the founder, had previously been a sales doer for the John Holland Gold Pen Company. He received his first fount pen related patent in 1889. In 1894 Parker received a patent on his well-situated Curve feed, which was claimed to draw excess sign back into the pen body when the pen was not in use. The Lucky Curve feed was used in various forms until 1928. a Parker confines Ball-point Pen From the 1920s to the 1960s, before the development of the ballpoint pen, Parker was either pattern one or number two in foundationwide paper instrument sales.In 1931 Parker created the Quink (quick drying ink) which eliminated the need for blotting. In 1941 the company real the well-nigh widely used model of reverse lightning pen in history (over $400 million worth of sales in its 30 year history) theParker 51. Manufacturing facilities were set up over the years in Canada, unite Kingdom, Denmark, France, Mexico, USA, Pakistan, India, Germany (Os mia-Parker) and Argentina. Parker pens were frequently selected (often as favorite pens of the signers) to sign important documents much(prenominal) as the World War II armistices, and commemorative editions were sometimes arrive atered.Quink refillsThe company bought retailer and catalog company Norm Thompson in 1973, and then sold it off in 1981. In 1976 Parker acquired Manpower just as the temporary staffing market place was surging. In time Manpower provided more revenue than the pen business. A 1982 spinoff, Sintered Specialties, Inc., became SSI Technologies, a manufacturer of automotive sensors. A management buyout in 1987 moved the company headquarters to Newhaven, East Sussex, England which was the original location of the Valentine Pen Company previously acquired by Parker. In 1993 Parker was acquired by the Gillette Company, which already own the Paper Mate brand, one of the best-sellingdisposable ballpoints.Gillette sold the pen instruments division in 2000 toNewell Rubbermaid, whose own Stationery Division, Sanford, became the largest in the world owning such(prenominal) brand names as Rotring, Sharpie, Reynolds as well as Parker, PaperMate, skimmer and Liquid Paper. In July 2009 the 180 workers at Parker Newhaven got notice that the factory was to be shut down and the production moved to France.On 18 August 2009 Newell Rubbermaid Inc. proclaimed that Janesville Wisconsin would close the remaining operations tied to Parker Pen and eliminate 153 jobs. The company said This decision is a response to structural issues accelerated by market trends and is in no way a reflection on the loftyly valued work performed by our Janesville employees over the years. Newell Rubbermaid stated it leave alone offer transitional employment services as well as severance benefits. More recently, Parker has abandoned traditional retail outlets in northwesterly America. While some Jotter pens may be found in retailers such as Office Depot, what little remains o f the Parker line has been moved into upmarket luxury retailers, abandoning the entry level market.SWOTSWOT analytic thinking is a structured plan method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a protrude or in a business venture. A SWOT analysis can be carried out for a product, place, industry or person. It involves specifying the heading of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that be favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective. The technique is credited to Albert Humphrey, who led a conference at the Stanford Research Institute in the 1960s and 1970s use data from Fortune 500 companies. The degree to which the internal environment of the degenerate matches with the external environment is expressed by the concept of strategic fit.Mission statementA explosive charge statement is a statement of the purpose of a company, organization or person, its reason for existing. The mi ssion statement should guide theactions of the organization, spell out its boilersuit goal, provide a path, and guide decision-making. It provides the framework or context at bottom which the companys strategies are formulated. Its like a goal for what the company wants to do for the world.For most of a century we will instauration the worlds most diverse and advance(a) range of pens. We shall engineer the most innovative and unique pen the world has ever seen (thus irritating hell out of Sheaffer). Then, decades later, while the Chinese are still making are still making the an authentic sport of the pen and selling it for $30, well sell a copy of the cheap copies that pile made back in the forties and sell it for hundreds of dollars.Vision StatementsVision Statements also mold the organizations purpose, but this time they do so in terms of the organizations determine rather than bottom line measures (values are guiding beliefs most how things should be done.) The vision st atement communicates both the purpose and values of the organization. For employees, it gives direction about how they are expected to behave and inspires them to give their best. Shared with customers, it shapes customers understanding of why they should work with the organization.Marketing Process Parker Pen selling product Duofold autopsy sonnet Ingenuity UrbanDuofoldEmblem of excellence Since, 1921 Duofold has been iconic of the stunning craftsmanship andheritage of Parker. finished in precious metals, Duofold offers an exceptionally comfortable and luxurious writing run through thanks to its durable solid gold nib. Parker Duofold the reference in fountain pen. postmortem examinationPrestige personified Flawlessly crafted using precious metals and a solid gold nib, Parker Premier is a prestigious, yet still contemporary choice with its modern, all-black design. Comfortable, precise and hand-assembled,Parker Premier offers an exclusive fine writing experience praisePoetry in motion Timeless and elegant, praise is hand assembled and checked for flawless quality. The solid gold nib gives high precision and exceptional writing comfort for every occasion, coupled with a stylish and classic design. Available in a range of finishes, the Sonnetis a work of beauty, emblematic of Parker craftsmanshipInqenuityInnovative design Welcome to the new generation in pens. Innovative and modern, Parker Ingenuity intuitively adapts to your writing style in seconds for an effortlessly smooth, easy glide feeling, thanks to the latest Parker 5THTM engineering science. The dynamic, standout design is chastise on-trend, making itthe perfect accessory to travel with you anywhereUrbanRewriting the RulesUrbans dynamic curved design offers a bold modern look that dares to be noticed. With a righteous steel nib, designed for both left and right hand writers, and Rollerball FreeInk Technology for an effortlessly smooth and confident writing experience, your inspiration is never boil down short with Urban.

On Campus or Off Campus Living

On Campus or mangle Campus Living If you are a new student and you want to take up between sustentation on campus and documentation finish campus, here about balances between them which may help you in your decision. The first fight is the cost. Normally, wrap up campus housing is more expensive than on campus housing because of the entreeal charges. When you eff off campus, you should pay for your own Internet access, furniture, and kitchen and bath necessities in addition to the rent, so it is a high initial cost.However, on campus housing does non need close of these charges because they are already paid with the rent. The second difference is transportation. If you live on campus, you can easily walk to your classes, libraries, and cafeterias. You do non have to waste your time and money to ride buses or trains or to drive your car to go to the campus. In contrast, you should ride buses or trains or drive your car to go to the campus when you live off campus which m eans cachexia money and time in addition to the traffic issues if you are living in a crowded area.On campus housing and off campus housing as well differ in privacy. On campus housing usually means a shared bedroom, bathroom, and kitchen. It is also means a limited and sometimes not quiet place to study because you share it with others. On the other hand, off campus housing means you own your bedroom, bathroom, and kitchen and also means there is a large enough and quiet enough place to study. The other difference is the social life.Living on campus resigns you to make more friends and meet more battalion than living off campus and also keeps you in touch with any activities that detect on campus, while living off campus probably does not allow you to make more friends or keep in touch with most campus activities. All in all, there are many differences between living on campus and living off campus, so when you want to favor between living on and off campus, classify these dif ferences to advantages and disadvantages depending on your situation. After that, choose which is more advantageous than the other. .

African American vs. Caucasian Americans Essay

At first glance somewhat people might consider this paper to be on the racial side, however it was all written by observations made. There argon some differences between African Americans and Caucasians, some people dont acquire the differences because of ignorance . You must read the paper with an open mind and take no(prenominal) of this to heart. African American and Caucasians function differently in public surroundings. When you suffer a young African American you usually picture them in groups of four of more. b atomic number 18ly, when one of them gets into a disagreement five to ten more show up in their defense.They are a very occlude knit group of individuals. I have also noticed that when you see a young African American walking around they are usually singing, talking very loud or running around. likewise when they are in groups they are very loud and take all over the area that they occupy. On the other hand when you see Caucasians they are seldom in groups o f three or more. To top it off when someone in one of their groups gets in trouble the rest of the group is nowhere to be found. Most times when you see young Caucasian people in a group they are for the most part within a normal speaking level.These two groups extend to act differently in the public due to their cultural differences. There are a bet of differences between the church buildinges of African Americans and Caucasians. At most typical African American churches in that respect are no true sermons. The African American churches tend to do more entertaining rather than watching. They also do a great deal of singing and dancing involved in there praising of God. They emphasize fellowship in their churches especially after church when they all gather and close the celebration with a meal together.However at a typical Caucasian church there are a few differences. To start it off when you first walk in you get a program detailing what will be happening through the service. They tend to structure the whole service around a sermon or story. The service every week is very sure as to what will happen. The Caucasian churches are more there to teach the ways of the lord as they have interpreted it. Although not all the African American and Caucasian churches are along this line a majority of the main stream ones are.

“Othello” and “A Doll’s House”

In wholly(prenominal) report card, we often see a colorful character in the random variable of the fictions antagonist. They are usually held in contrast to the storys main character or the protagonist. This is how the antagonists were portrayed in two the stories Othello and A Dolls House. The antagonists of the stories were set in comparison to the respective(prenominal) protagonists. On both these stories, the antagonists played a great part in destroying the joyful marriages of both protagonists. Through their schemes and manipulation, they were able to destroy what these people held so dearly their races with their loved ones.In William Shakespeares Othello, Iago plays the antagonist role, opposing the model of Othello. Iago is portrayed as one of Othellos men, since the latter holds a high position which the former serves. When Iago felt that another man was favored aside from him, he planned to take Othello down by destroying his happy marriage with Desdemona (Shakes peare).In the story, we end see that Iagos source of motivation in his schemes when Othello favors his lieutenant Cassio sort of than his Ancient and ensign, Iago. It was desirousy that made him conceive e actually evil schemes and plans that he came up with. As the storys antagonist, we can separate that Iago is very clever with his plans, managing to outwit other characters and making them his tools to bring down Othello. He was very successful in manipulating the main character, making him believe that his wife was cheating on him.Analyzing the motives of Iago, we can say that his reasons were very shallow. It was his jealousy that conduct to the room things happened. however there was no point to be jealous about. He has a good position in Othellos men. The mode he see Cassion being favored more than him was just superficial, since it was him that Othello believed most. If Othello didnt believe him, then the story wouldnt have led to the representation it went. But Oth ello trusts Iago. He believes him so such(prenominal) that it has led to the destruction of his happy marriage, his downfall, his wifes death, and eventually, his own death.The person who suffered the most in this story was Othello. With Iagos schemes, Othello lost his trust in his wife. His faith in their relationship crumbled as Iago stirred up his thoughts. As a man of his stature, Othello wishing not be faithless with his wife. But because of his insecurities, Iago managed to toy with his emotions. As a different man, Othello thought that his wife was not satisfied with him. He was the tie up of Venice, a dark skinned man in the land of whites. Because of these insecurities, his suspicions grew to aversion. That hatred caused him to kill Desdemona only to find out afterwards that it was all Iagos doings.In Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House, the main protagonist was Krogstad, who was on the brink of losing his job. He was an employee of the main character, Torvald. Torvald is the h usband of Nora Helmer, and their relationship as a married couple is an example of a happy marriage for the society. But the happiness didnt last for long, as soon as Krogstad schemed his way from getting himself fired from the job he didnt want to lag (Ibsen).Krogstads reasons for his actions were all rooted to him keeping his job. It was very unfortunate that he knows a surreptitious of Nora Helmer. He used this secret to try and surrender himself from getting fired. It was Noras head whos on the line, fearing that her secret office be discovered by others, especially her husband. The only favor Krogstad asked in exchange for his silence was for Nora to convince his husband not to fire him. However, all of Noras efforts were futile, not being able to save Krogstad his job. Because of this, Krogstad chose to unveil Noras well kept secret, at the expense of Nora and Torvalds happy marriage. afterwards all, Krogstad has nothing to lose anymore.Looking at Krogstads reason for hi s actions, we can say that he is on the edge, thats why he was forced to act upon Nora just to save him. It was his job on the line, and he really didnt want to use it. The fact that he knows something that Nora has kept so much for herself was not his discretion. It was the only choice he has, and he chose to use that option well, in exchange for anything that he might lose. Krogstad may be seen as a bad man, but his actions show that it was fate that forced him to do what he has done. This doesnt concern anything about keeping Noras secret just to save her shame or marriage. It was his own battle, and he mustiness fight with everything he has. The only weapon he has in line of descent at that time was Noras secret.We can say that the antagonists of the story had their way with the protagonists. They were able to blindly manipulate anyone in order to have their biddings fulfilled. In the end, it was all misery for the protagonist, each with crumbling relationships as both the s tories closed. No head what their reason may be, these antagonists were able to make the most out of every situation turning it into something advantageous for their own benefits.Works CitedIbsen, Henrik. A Dolls House. 1879. dismissal Notes. October 7 2007. .Shakespeare, William. Othello. 1603. Spark Notes. October 7 2007. .

Social and Historical Effects Responsible for the Conception of the Fantastic and Supernatural in Gothic Horror (Dracula)

Bram fire fighters genus genus Dracula de furthered in mincing England at the conclusion of the ordinal ampere-second. Not the first vampire story of its time, it certainly made wizard of the most lasting impressions on modern civilisation, where tales of the supernatural, detestation, witchcraft, possession, demoniacs, vampires, werewolves, zombies, aliens, and monsters of every last(predicate) kinds turn in bring into beingness something of a theme in modern art, if not an obsession.Many scholars controversy the origin or cause of this phenomenon, stock- relieve most agree that culture plays an enormous role in the development of such themes, whether in 19th century medieval novels such as Dracula or Frankenstein, or in modern fills with gothic leanings, such as The Exorcist or Children of Men. This paper will examine how hallucination and the idea of the supernatural, including the unbushed(p), is an important implicit in(p) fear prevalent in the psyche of human ity, which manifests itself differently, depending on the brotherly or historical circumstances which spawns the creation of that work of literature or film.By placing Mary Shelleys Frankenstein within the context of its Romantic/Enlightenment era, E. Michael J adepts shows how the set up of the revolutionary doctrine of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Marquis de de de de Sade, and Percy Bysshe Shelley put in their ultimate expression in the gothic horror genre (90). Dracula, no less than Frankenstein, is indicative of the heathenish underbelly that the Victorian Age sought to cover up. Far from m tabuh directly of the human passions unleashed by the Romantic era, the Victorian Age ground it to a greater extent appropriate to hide them, keep them out of the familiar sphere, break them sprightlinessless, and on that pointby make life respectable.The problem was, the less those passions were talked about, save acted upon, the more than(prenominal) those homogeneous passions bubbl ed up to the surface through the means of gothic horror novels and films. While, Oscar Wildes art for arts sake carried the artistic solid ground out of the Victorian Age and into the twentieth century of unhindered expressionism, Wilde himself cut d avow victim to the very underbelly of Victorian Englandwhich, in fact, prosecuted him to the fullest extent of the right when his vices became open knowledge to the public. stokers Dracula was entirely as representative of his own informal desires masked by Victorian prudery. only when because relief pitcher for the most part kept his affairs from becoming public s batchdal, he was left well enough alone to express what everyone was evoke in any office, and which has always been an easy seller trip. Controlling the passions had always been the provoke of the Catholic Church, which was the European bul wark against revolution, with assistance from the reason of Augustine to the scholasticism of doubting Thomas to the architectu re of the gothic cathedramyotrophic lateral sclerosis.With the growing corruption of many Church officials, the purloin of the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation, that control was finally exist and replaced. sunrise(prenominal) philosophies were acidulate out (Rousseaus concept of nature as the only law Sades concept of that same nature as brutal, animalistic, and violent), which unleashed a tidal wave of radical revolutionaries in Paris at the end of the ordinal century, which in turn needed in the buff types of control. Napoleon was the immediate result.Victorian prudery was the nineteenth centurys later resolution. It enabled Mary Shelley to turn her husband into a Victorian angel, as she dedicated the rest of her life to effacing their inner experiment (Jones 91) with Byron in Geneva, memorialized, however, by Ken Russells 1987 film Gothic, in which de Sades Justine informs Mary Shelley of what could soon be expected. What Sade foresaw, and helped promote, was a inner revolution that would elevate sexual desire from the restraints of gothic Church doctrine.While that elevation led to the enforcement of a new brotherly code of conduct (Victorianism), an alternate development got underway in which that same elevation of sexual license was to be used itself as a form of control. In fact, Augustine had spoken of such centuries before when he wrote that a man has as many masters as he has vices. Sades perspicacity was similar in the eighteenth century The call down of the moral man is one of tranquility and peace the state of an base man is one of perpetual unrest (Jones 6).Yet, while Augustine promoted peace, Sade, who exercised some semipolitical sway in the Reign of Terror, promoted unrest By promoting vice, the regime promotes slavery, which can be fashioned into a form of political control (Jones 6). such was in line with Robespierres doctrine of terror as persuasion. Stokers Dracula was an expression of just such an ideafor Stoker himself knew the validity of both those claims a seducer of young women, Stoker doubtlessly determine with Jonathan Harker and Dracula, the captive and master all at once.The vampire became a fiber of iconic horror status in film in the next century. The concept of the walking un all in(p) who fed on the breed of innocents conjured up something so profound and stimulating in the minds of audiences all over the world that vampirism was everywhere, from Nosferatu to Bela Lugosi to Carl Theodor Dreyers Vampyr. Dreyer, who had shot what is considered one of the greatest silent films of all time, The Passion of Joan of Arc, found his inspiration for his vampire film in the equals of Magnus Hirschfeld.Hirschfeld was an honorary member of the British Society for Sexual Psychology and something of a movie star himself in Weimar Germany, playing an enlightened, sexually condoning doctor in Richard Oswalds pro-homosexual film Anders als die Andern (Jones 194). The themes of sexual licens e and control had a significant touch on Germany. Sigmund Freud would take up the themes in his psychoanalytic studies, promoting the fulfillment of sexual desires as a means of appeasing the subconscious.In Dr. Sewards diary, one finds no less a blood transfusion is thrustn to Lucy by Van Helsing, who states, She wants blood, and blood she must have or die (Stoker 123). Lucy has been bitten by the vampire and become, in a signified, contaminated. The only scientific cure is to give her want she wants blood. The allusion to another blood exchange is obviousbut the sense is inverted While T. S. Eliot states in Murder in the Cathedral the kind between saviourian sacrifice and control of the passions (His Blood for ours, Blood for blood), Enlightenment science suggests no spiritual remedymerely a forcible or psychological one a psychological/physical giving into desire rather than a spiritual dominance of it.Jones speaks of the sexual revolution that ran concomitantly with the Fr ench Revolution as the real forbearer of gothic horror. Whereas othic cathedrals strengthened through visual representation the horror of Satan and sin, modern gothic horror does the samethough the solution is different (if there is one, and there often is not the immortal evil of Michael Myers, Jason, Krueger, etc. suggests that while delivery boy was the answer for Augustine and Aquinas, the Enlightenment has even to formulate any acceptable solution). Meanwhile, the employment of desire, Jones notes, has found its way out of Victorian prudery and into the mainstream through advertising, radio, television, music, and cinema. The fantasy of the undead in the George A.Romero franchise, which is still being updated, suggests a kind of public response to the world around it a society full of living, walking deadkilled by the bombardment of uncontrolled passions, yet still living, shopping, attending to societal rituals. The sexual revolution and Enlightenment doctrine of the 1790 s and early twentieth century resurfaced in full throttle in the 1960s and 70s, to create a new wave of liberal social doctrine and a new wave of gothic horror in film. In Dracula, Mina Harker records the assessment of the evil of vampirism according to Van Helsing The nosferatu do not die like the bee when he sting once.He is only stronger and being stronger, have yet more power to work evil. This vampireis of himself so strong in person as twenty men he is of cunning more than mortalhe have still the aids of necromancy, and all the dead that he can come nigh to are for him to command he is brute, and more than brute he is devil in callous, and the heart of him is not. (Stoker 237) The portrait is Satanic, and a similar portrayal would be given in 1973s The Exorcist, in which Satan possesses a girl through the medium of a chelarens game (the Ouija board).Yet, with The Exorcist, the spiritual evil is made much more real than the fantastic evil of Dracula. And while Dracula is destr oyed by a stake, the devil is dispelled only through the power of Christ in The Exorcist. Ironically, however, the devil is driven out only after the death of not one but two prieststhe old man initially, and then the young priest, whose own crisis of faith becomes a kind of despair at the end of the film, when, ceasing to compel Satan through Christ, he cries, Take me instead, and then throws himself out the window when his own possession is complete. The girl is freed from her captor, but only at the cost of the life and soul of the young priest the power of Christ merely served to anger the devilit did not subjugate him such would have been too meaningful in the relativistic climate of the 70s. The 70s sexual and political revolutions were intertwined to such an extent that hardcore pornography and womens rightist politics appeared on the scene simultaneously.While Betty Friedan opposed traditionalistic sexual activity codes in such works as The Feminine Mystique, pornography was raking in the profits. The cinematic response to this was the slaughter of sexually-active teenagers by homicidal maniacs (evil incarnate), while virginal and chaste maidens like Jamie Lee Curtis region in Halloween remained alive just long enough for the evil to be driven away by a male authority figure. Horror films often reinforced traditional gender norms, yet the awesome evil of those films seemed to have no end.With the proliferation of contraceptives as a form of eugenics similar to the kind practiced under Hitler, sex became an act of passion without physical consequences yet horror maintained that it still had psychological and even spiritual ones. Nonetheless, as Jones shows, the promotion of contraception in twentieth century America by representatives of the Rockefeller Foundation was supposed to be nothing more than the controlling of ethnic populations that were found to be subhuman by WASP elitists (406).The black and Catholic communities, whose uninhibited br eeding threatened to undermine WASP political control, promptly received the attention of heap like Margaret Sanger and Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C. S. C. , who used Rockefeller money to fund secret conferences on contraception at the University of Notre Dame from 1962 to 1965 (Jones 147). The idea of Thomas Malthus, that over-population would ultimately destroy the earth, was marketed as the principle behind contraception. The underbelly of the movement, however, was, according to Jones, nothing more than a power play for control.The extremity of the situation would be explored by Alfonso Cuarons 2006 film Children of Men based on the novel by P. D. James. adept of Spanish filmmaker Guillermo del Toro, whose Mimic has been noted in Good bug-hunter/Bad Entomologist by Jones as a swipe at Enlightenment doctrine being a vain attempt at setting and controlling social mores (The only solution left is the flush totem of folk Catholicism, the rosaryreferring, of course, to the end scene in which Mira Sorvinos character draws blood rom her hand with a rosary crucifix to gambol the attention of the giant blood-sucking roach, which is about to eat the little boy). In Children of Men, there are no little boys, nor little girlsin fact, children are departed altogether (a threatening theme that opens Del Toros Mimic too). The rampant sterilization of modern years is turned into a life-threatening ideology, affecting everyone and all ethnicities. When a cleaning woman is found, who has seemingly miraculously conceived, she is caught in the middle of yet another struggle for controlone group wants to use her as a political poster child, the other wants to legitimately help.Meanwhile, a war is waged in the urban cities, which evokes a kind of apocalyptic message of unwrap desolation. As Clive Owens character makes the ultimate sacrifice (his life) for that of the woman and her childs, a sense of hope in the future of mankind is restoredbut the outlook is still bleak an d grimfor no one knows whether the woman and her child will really make it as they disappear into the defile rolling across the open sea. Hope is in the approach of the ship, but beyond that lieswhat?In Children of Men, the fantasy of the undead is replaced by the fantasy of the unborn. The frankness of Malthusian sterilization taken to extremes in modern propagation by social groups across the globe (birth rates are at lows nearly everywhere), sexual liberation has once again become a pathway to political control and to gothic horror genre representations. In conclusion, the underlying fears of societies since the startle of the Romantic/Enlightenment age have manifested themselves in a smorgasbord of forms depending upon the cultural climate of the time.Beginning with Shelleys Frankenstein as a apostasy of Enlightenment doctrine and going through Stokers Dracula as a representation of sexual desire and control aglitter(p) under the surface of Victorian prudery, gothic horr or has found its way into the mainstream culture with tales of supernatural occurrences that are in some sense affiliated to the issues of the day. The sexual revolution of the early twentieth century in New York materialized in greater force all over America in the 60s and 70s, launching another series of gothic horror novels and films onto audiences, from Stephen King to stool Carpenter, Clive Barker, and Stanley Kubrick.While films like The Exorcist and Children of Men get closer to the reality of spiritual possession and widespread sterility, the human psyche of modern times continues to want to see itself as a kind of undead creature, whose reason for being has yet to be determined. Therefore, popular gothic horror icons like Frankenstein and Dracula remain staples of modern horror fiction, representing to the populace a mirror of its own struggles with the doctrine of Enlightenment liberation and control.