Canadas Policies on Early Childhood Education and Care

Canadas Policies on Early clawhood Education and C beAlex Miles cover Title National early on pincerhood raising and c be as a indemnity struggle in CanadaDespite over 40 years elapsing since normalation of the Report of the Royal Commission on the locating of Women (RCSW), which called for a national boorcargon chopine as a necessity step towards gender equality, Canada still has no national program for early childhood education and assistance (ECEC). Despite taking on a larger, yet still modest, role of financing and shaping ECEC between 1966 and 1995 under(a) the now-defunct Canada Assistance Plan (CAP), the federal official official political science has now all still completely withdrawn, leaving the provinces and territories to manage ECEC nearly autonomously.As to a greater extent and more women the predominant childrearers in modern Canadian culture enter the men without a corresponding decrease in the rates of novices in the cypherforce, the Canadian provin ces and territories are feeling great strains in an attempt to meet the ECEC ineluctably of their populations. With the exception of Manitoba and Quebec, Canadian women in major cities spend between a quarter and a third (23 to 34%) of their income on full-time ECEC (Macdonald Friendly, 2014). In fact, those crippled by ECEC costs are the lucky geniuss Outside of Quebec, eighty percent of Canadians see the lack of spaces as a serious conundrum (Environics research Group Limited, 2008) with a shortage of available spaces nationwide (Anderssen, 2014). close to single m another(prenominal)s and two-parent families are able and comfor duck to rely on relatives, friends, or unlicensed ECEC, but those in need of licensed daycare are often out of luck. After thirteen years of being in power and promises for a national program, the Liberal Party of Canada managed only to talk over individual agreements with the unhomogeneous Canadian provinces in 2005. harpers Conservatives prompt ly replaced the Liberals and their promises in the wake of the sponsorship s jackpotdal, opting instead to pay families $1,200 per year for each child under the age of six. More recently, the Conservatives sop up proposed further financial evaluate reduction strategies for families, while the National Democratic Party (NDP) under doubting Thomas Mulcair has unveiled plans for a national ECEC program.As Canadians and the politicians gear up for the 2015 federal election, one of the burning questions allow for be which is better for the Canadian economy, harpers subsidies or Mulcairs national program? Thus far, the Conservatives birth managed to control early childhood education and care their way, but an increase number of voters are dissatisfied and looking for an actual national program that meets the needs Canadians coast to coast.This paper will navigate the tumultuous wet of Canadian early childhood education and care indemnity by identifying how the issue got on the agen da and progressed through the 5- symbolize policy model (Howlett, Ramesh, Perl, studying Public constitution indemnity Cycles polity Subsystems, 2009), identifying and mapping the policy subsystem (Pross, 1986), identifying and discussing the positions of the Conservatives, the NDP, and ECEC push groups, and finally identifying who won the debate.The second-wave womens action in Canada included as a central pillar improved access to child care, for which calls had been made since demesne War II (Collier, 2012). The 1970 RCSW reported stated on page twelve that, the care of children is a responsibility to be shared by the mother, the father and society. Unless this shared responsibility is acknowledged and assumed, women cannot be accorded true equality (Canada, 1970). libber activists of the time follow in bringing the issue of ECEC onto the goal disposal agenda through growing grassroots support, aligning with other likeminded groups, and drop of campaigns, lobbying, legal challenges, and domain education. This process constituted Outside Mobilisation (Howlett, Ramesh, Perl, perusal Public Policy Policy Cycles Policy Subsystems, 2009), which ultimately succeed in the giving medication implementing the Canada Assistance Plan (CAP) in 1966.The CAP was a cost sharing agreement between the federal government and the provinces and territories aimed at astir(p) the lives of low-income earners, with a portion of the federal funds assigned to childcare run (Rauhala, et al., 2012). While limited in scope and effect, it did spark the development of ECEC in Canada. Many still campaigned for a national approach and the federal government did attempt this several times though was never had the clout to succeed Trudeaus Task Force on Child keeping in 1984 Mulroneys Special Committee on Child Care in 1986 Chrtiens Red Book in 1993.The revival of the womens movement in the 1990s and the election of the Liberals in 1993 brought childcare back onto the p ublic agenda. Chrtien axed the CAP in favour of the Canada Health and fond Transfer, which decreased federal power in matters that were under eclogue jurisdiction, such as fond service. It also made the provinces less accountable in spending public funds. Having made strides forwards, hopes for a national outline were quickly dashed as provincial programs disintegrated (Rauhala, et al., 2012). The Liberals developed the National Childrens Agenda in 1997. cardinal years later, they were successful in getting the federal, provincial, and territorial governments to agree to the Social Union Agreement. The agreement allowed the various jurisdictions to work together through the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Council on Social Policy Re currental to support the delivery of social programs and go (Cool, 2007). Thanks to the council, there have been numerous policies for young children, including the National Child Benefit (1998), the Early Childhood Development Initiative (2000), th e Multilateral example on Early Learning and Child Care (2003), the Bilateral Agreements with provinces (2005), as well as the 2006 Universal Childcare Benefit (UCCB).In the mid-2000s, a number of international reports were published, highlighting Canadas stark underfunding and underdevelopment of ECEC. In 2004, the scratch major comparison of early childhood education and care crosswise affluent countries noted that national and provincial policy was in its sign stages, that care and education were still treated separately, and that coverage was low compared to other wealthy countries ( brass instrument for economic Cooperation and Development, 2004). The reports exposure of shortfalls in services for young children prompted the federal government back towards a national strategy (Rauhala, et al., 2012).In response to the OECD report, the Liberals announced in the 2004 Speech from the Throne that they would work with the provinces and territories to put in place a national ECEC program (Privy Council Office, 2004). In 2005, the Liberals signed individual, bilateral agreements with all provinces and territories that would rear federal funds for provincial childcare initiatives. Childcare advocates thought a national program was impending than it had ever been before (Friendly Prentice, 2009). Frustratingly, all this work was immediately undone when Harper was voted into office.Harpers 2006 UCCB offered families a monthly rebate of $100 per child under the age of six but, importantly, no national childcare program. In the same year, the second installment of the 2004 OECD report found that Canada spent plainly 0.25% of its GDP on ECEC programs for children 0-6, placing it at the bottom of the table (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006). in that location was little political will for motley under the ruling Conservatives, and so there has been only stagnation on this issue over recent years. This was confirmed by a 2008 report t hat put Canada tied for persist place on the Report Card, a table indicating whether economically innovative countries are meeting certain minimum standards for early childhood education and care (Adamson, 2008).Recently, the public has been becoming increasingly discontent with the Conservatives method of addressing ECEC. As costs of childcare has skyrocketed in all jurisdictions except the one that has pixilated funding and legislation (Quebec), the issue has come to the forefront of public discourse and is shaping to be a defining feature of the 2015 federal election. Indeed, one of the first proposed the policies the NDP released in its campaign was its solution to the ECEC question (Anderssen, 2014).In the 5-stage policy model, policy formulation marks the second stage. To follow the theory, the ECEC debate can be analysed from two perspectives. premierely, new actors (namely, Thomas Mulcair) have increased the cannonball along of change on an entirely recycled idea. Henc e, the speed and mode of policy change is specify as rapid normal. Secondly, while there has been an entrance of new actors, the idea is not new. Therefore, policy instrument types determine the type of policy change.The third step in the policy cycle is stopping point making. looking for at the issue of national ECEC, there are few actors composite and all are contained within one setting. Simultaneously, the issue is clearly defined with plenty of information and time to act on and with. Therefore, this type of decision making would be classified as rational (Howlett, Ramesh, Perl, Public Policy Decision-Making, 2009).A historical analysis of the policy instruments the policy cycles fourth stage deployed over the life of the ECEC debate shows that, for the vast volume of the time, the various governments have used affirmative expenditures to promote the use of childcare and education. At present, the Harper government utilises monthly cash transfer in order to offset the c ost of ECEC. It also offers tax breaks, a form of tax expenditure. Governments have left regulation up to the provinces, who license the various childcare centres within their own jurisdiction (Pal, 2010).The fifth and final stage of the policy cycle involves policy evaluation, which can be conducted either officially (e.g. by bureaucrats and politicians) or in bollockly. The Harper governments UCCB has been analysed by formal institutions to a small extent, but it has predominantly been critically evaluated by NGOs, in the form of interest groups, and the broader public. Recent polls have shown that lack of low-priced ECEC is a serious problem to three-quarters (77%) of Canadians (Environics Research Group Limited, 2008). Academics have been evaluating the UCCB on performance and financial spectra. The consensus is that the Conservatives approach is not meeting the broader economic goals and fails to provide Canadians with the services they need (Friendly Prentice, 2009). Furthe rmore, academics argue that there is no value for money, with abject documentation of spending (Friendly M. , 2014).In conclusion, thus far the Harper government has been winning the policy debate on ECEC. They have been able to choke their desired bills, which are a far cry from what other parties are advocating for, and hardly even register on international measures of performance (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006). However, recent newspaper and other mass media suggest that the issue may finally be important enough to Canadians that parties stances on this issue will greatly shape the next federal election. Whoever wins that vote will have their policy preferences met.BibliographyAdamson, P. (2008). The Child Care Transition A league table of early childhood education and care in economically in advance(p) countries. Florence UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre.Anderssen, E. (2014, October 17). The NDP child care plan gives parents hope, but the detail s are fuzzy. Retrieved from The Globe and Mail http//www.theglobeandmail.com/life/parenting/the-ndp-child-care-plan-gives-parents-hope-but-the-details-are-fuzzy/article21143936/Canada. (1970). Royal Commission of the Status of Women. capital of Canada Information Canada.Collier, C. (2012). Feminist and Gender-Neutral Frames in Contemporary Child-Care and Anti-Violence Policy Debates in Canada. governing Gender(3), 283-303. doi10.1017/S1743923X12000323Cool, J. (2007). Child Care in Canada The Federal Role. Ottawa depository library of Parliament.Davis, C., Hoffer, K. (2012). Federalizing energy? Agenda change and the political science of fracking. Policy Sciences(45), 221-241. doi10.1007/s11077-012-9156-8Environics Research Group Limited. (2008). Attitudes Toward Child Care. Ottawa Environics Research Group Limited.Friendly, M. (2014, October 17). The daycare debate A look at the politics of affordable child care. (A. Chowdhry, Interviewer)Friendly, M., Prentice, S. (2009). vir tually Canada Childcare. Halifax Fernwood Publishing.Howlett, M., Ramesh, M., Perl, A. (2009). Public Policy Decision-Making. In M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, A. Perl, Studying Public Policy Policy Cycles Policy Subsystems (3rd ed., pp. 139-159). Don Mills Oxford University Press.Howlett, M., Ramesh, M., Perl, A. (2009). Studying Public Policy Policy Cycles Policy Subsystems (3rd ed.). Don Mills Oxford University Press.Macdonald, D., Friendly, M. (2014). The Parent Trap Child Care Fees in Canadas Big Cities. Ottawa Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives.Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2004). OECD thematic review of early childhood education and care Canada country note. Paris Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2006). showtime strong 2. Paris Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.Pal, L. (2010). Chapter 4 Policy Instruments And Design. In L. Pal, Beyond Policy Analysis Public Issue Management in Turbulent Times (4th ed., pp. 129-173). Toronto Nelson Education.Privy Council Office. (2004, October 5). Speech from the Throne to Open the First Session of the 38th Parliament of Canada. Retrieved from Privy Council Office http//www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/index.asp?lang=engpage=informationsub=publicationsdoc=aarchives/sft-ddt/2004_2-eng.htmPross, P. (1986). Group politics and public policy. Toronto Oxford University Press.Rauhala, A., Albanese, P., Ferns, C., Law, D., Haniff, A., Macdonald, L. (2012). What Says What Election Coverage and Sourcing of Child Care in quaternion Canadian Dailies. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21(1), 95-105. doi10.1007/s10826-011-9481-01

The Profound Effect Of Jimi Hendrix Music Essay

The Profound Effect Of Jimi Hendrix Music EssayJimi Hendrix was a central artist. He left an amazing and great impression on every superstar that he met with or even variationed sooner. This impression spread even make head mode when he released an album. He took the guitar to a whole new level and with that he affected medical specialty and the people who listened to it for years to come even right off his music and stage presence influences and shapes todays music. There are so many incompatible aspects that were affected by his music. He was able to change the dash a guitar would be looked at and even how it would be philandered. He changed the way people performed on stage and how they dressed. If you do a Google search for Jimi Hendrix you array about 17.9 million results if this does non show how many people catch been inspired by Hendrix I dont know what could. Jimi Hendrix was an amazing and vibrant soul.To take care where the body and soul of Hendrixs music come s from we must stolon with where he came from and how he was raised. Hendrix was natural Johnny Allen Hendrix in Seattle, Washington on November 27, 1942. When he was born his m early(a) was tho 17. His parents Lucille and Al had a struggling relationship and it lastly lead to their divorce on December 17, 1951. Many say that it was Lucilles inebriation that fuck offd the relationship to dissipate. This seems to be true due(p) to her cause of death. Lucille died on February 2nd, 1958 due to cirrhosis of the liver which ca apply her spleen to rupture. With the problems that Al faced with Hendrixs mother he decided to change his name to James Marshall Hendrix. This was said to gain been for Als late brother Leon Marshall Hendrix. Hendrix was the one of five children. The tolerate of his siblings spent close of their time in foster care. His father had problem finding a job afterward existence war twain so sometimes Hendrix spent time with his grandmother in Vancouver, Bri tish Columbia.While Hendrix was maturation up his father ran across a ukulele mend cleaning out a garage and gave it to Hendrix. He took a zest to it right away so his father bought a stake hand acoustic guitar from an acquaintance he knew. Hendrix make up ones minded to play by practicing for many, many hours a day. He talked to those who knew how to play and took their tips and advice and began development how to play. He started observance how other people played the guitar and he decided to take his learning a step further by listening to records and trying to play them. When he first began to learn how to play he was faced with one main problem. The guitars were designed for right-handed people. This lead to one of Hendrixs most broad playacting musical modes. He played a right-handed guitar upside-d throw so as to allow him to play left-handed. After Hendrix took a ample liking to the guitar his father decided he needed an upgrade. So sometime more or little 1958- 1959 his father purchased him a white Supro Ozark electric guitar. He purchased this for Jimi even though he could not get an amplifier with it. This did not stop Hendrix who went on to learn everything he could about playing the guitar. Hendrix had many, now famed, inspirations to follow while growing up. He listened to the wants of Elvis Presley, miniature Richard, Muddy Waters, B.B. King, Chuck Berry, and many other rock and soul bands. He played in a hardly a(prenominal) small bands while going to school and eventually dropped out of high gear school. The first formal band that he was a member of was The Velvetones, a small band who played for no pay. Following this band Hendrix coupled the Rocking Kings who played professionally. At one point Hendrix left his guitar standstage after a venue and it was stolen. His father decided to purchase Hendrix another guitar which happened to be a Silvertone Danelectro which Hendrix went on to personalize. Hendrix continued playing an d eventually got caught up in car theft and this led to his choice of joining the Army.Hendrix enlisted into the U.S. armed forces on May 31st, 1961. He was assigned to the 101st Airborne Division and was stationed in Fort Campbell. There were many stories about why he was discharge from the military, except the most commonly accepted reason was that Hendrix had broken an articulatio talocruralis in a jump and was then honorably discharged concisely after. While in service Hendrix met up with a bass shammer by the name Billy Cox and formed a fellowship with him. They went on to play together from that day till honest before Hendrixs death.After his discharge from the service Hendrix decided to work on playing music. He became a backup musician for the likes of B. B. King, Sam Cooke, Jackie Wilson and, Ike and Tina Turner. He started this distribute of his career in Clarksville, Tennessee. His work with the previously mentioned artist lead him to crude York where joined up w ith the Isley Brothers. He eventually left them and ran across small-scale Richard and has been found to have said I wanted to do with my guitar what Little Richard does with his voice (Band of Thebes). After a short stint with Little Richard, Hendrix went back to playing for the Isley Brothers. Later that same year Hendrix joined Curtis Knight and the Squires and performed with them for around eight months. He then signed a three-year recording bargain with Ed Chalpin that stated that he would receive a 1% royalty. This would cause Hendrix a few problems later down the road. In 1966 Hendrix decided to start his own band called, The Blue Flame. This band was made up of horny Palmer on bass, Danny Casey on drums, and Randy Wolfe on guitar (mainly slides and rhythm). The band did well for a while but Hendrix was looking for more.One day Hendrix ran across Linda Keith who introduced him to the trilled Stones get laidr and producer who both decided to pass on pickings in Hendrix. She then introduced him to Chas Chandler who was looking for some new talent to manage and produce. He liked Hendrixs song Hey Joe and decided to try and make it a hit, this lead to Hendrixs move to London. Chandler changed Hendrixs stage name from Jimmy to Jimi and then helped setup The Jimi Hendrix Experience. The new band was made up of Noel Redding on bass, Mitch Mitchell on drums and of racecourse Jimi Hendrix on guitar and vocals. Hendrix met many more famous or soon to be famous people along his path to stardom these included people like Pete Townshend and Eric Clapton and the band Cream. Hendrix did great in this position and stayed here for almost the end of his career. He released many hit songs and withal many great albums. Redding was not taking a liking to the bass and eventually left and started his own band which Hendrix allowed to open up for some of his performances. With this change Hendrix had the band changed to capital of Italy Sun and Rainbows with Billy C ox on bass. Hendrix went on to play at many different venues most notably was Woodstock. Hendrix went on recording music until his death in September 18th, 1970.With some knowledge of how Hendrix grew up and became famous we can see that he overcame many different things in his animateness that allowed him to prosper. Hendrix did many things for music while he composed and played it. He has forever changed the guitar and the way it is played, especially the electric guitar. His first realization when he grew up to play a right-handed guitar left-handed had a sullen effect on the sound of the electric guitar. This due to the slant of the duad pickup which allowed his low notes to be bright and crisp and his high notes to be mellow and droning. This was opposite of the intended effect. Hendrix besides used the tremolo bar likewise which caused him to have to tune his instrument extremely often and sometimes it was profuse to break strings which Hendrix played around, this not un iverse an easy proceeding while playing live at a performance. These were not his only playing styles. Hendrix also used many different technical personal effects on his guitar. These are to include what most moderday artist call pedals. These allowed Hendrix to summate the wah wah effect to his music and also the fuzz box. Hendrix was also known for the Octavia octave doubler which was used by him frequently. He worked with Roger Mayer who was a sound engineer. The volume of Hendrixs music involved high volumes and excessive power and also feedback manipulation. This is just one way Hendrix affected music.Hendrix may have been the founder of his guitar techniques but he was also famous for some of his stage antics. This was one huge characteristics of Hendrix. When he got on stage he was a showman. He love doing things that allowed him to shine. He would get up on stage and play with his teeth. He would also play the guitar behind his back and between his legs. He also used his left fretting hand to do some of his tricks for him. He would play the guitar using just his left (this is probably one of the most used tricks today). He would also use his thumb to fret the low notes while using the rest of his fingers to play melodies over these notes. He loved being a showman and doing thing for the crowd for example the burning of his guitar on stage. These together made a great stage presence for Hendrix. These antics would go on to influence many different groups throughout the music history.Hendrix also affected fashion. This may not have been as backbreaking as his music but the way Hendrix dressed throughout his life was sort of different to the norm. Hendrix dressed in bright colors and in designs that most men would not wear. He would eventually create his own style without probably even realizing it. His style was mimicked for years during the 60s and 70s and began to grow less and less popular after his death.Jimi Hendrix was an amazing artist. He h as changed the way the world looks at the guitar and music on a whole. He has inspired many different new artist and many different new genres of music. Jimi Hendrix was a profound artist who left a profound effect on the world of music.

Business plan for new clothing company

Business plan for innovative habiliments call(a)er-upThe increase we be going to distribute is trendy clothing. Clothing essential be catchable so that it can influence on tidy sum and it is iodine of the most important things for people.Particularly, there argon two types of clothing formal and informal. However, the clothing were going to develop is formal clothing.Nowadays, there argon a lot of brands, like as ELLE, DAPPER, ARROW and opposite brands, and they deplete already got their own customers and they argon holding some part of our Myanmar commercialise.We vouch that our crop is authoritatively produced with high quality and fashionably purpo adoptd. Customers leave alone non need to be doubtful and unfulfilled after they bought our output.The tar drag market for our product is concentrated on gender. Besides, we result distribute the former(a) circumscribed accessories, much(prenominal) as, sunglasses, purses and wallets, and fancy. ingatheringWe have got investigated the cloth quality and fashionable design in our factory in Singapore. We leave alone consumption cotton, which can be ad honestable with Myanmar weather, in our clothing. Furthermore, we build the factory and some warehouses in chin sure and the products are separated into m all categories _ tops, pants, jackets and coats and others. First, we pointed on ladies apparel and accessories such as shoes, bags, belts, scarves and hats. Then, we decided to expand into men acquires. We are this instant jump to introduce our products to market in Myanmar. New trends are always uncommitted at our organization for the people who are really into fashion.BenefitsWe know that all the people want the excellent brand hallmark and the best ideal with the best possible determine. We have rough-cutly coordinated in price and quality effectively that can bring satisfaction to the customers. You can see our new collection for summer, rainy, and winter successions. We have planned to retail and light stores in some urban areas so that consumers can easily bestow our goods from their surrounding obtain core and markets. We are offering diverse categories for both(prenominal) male and feminine, so both of these customers can obtain their needs from one place our brand. And a lot of people will be cheerful with our products. People who pay for our brand will get the feeling of confident, stylish, and smart. stain marketWe orientate the customers who want to be fabulous and gorgeous. We segment and tell the markets into demographics, geographic, psychographic and sort.We aim at the adults and y turn ouths market _ Generation Y, Generation X and posthumous teens. And they are our core markets. Every religion and ethnic backgrounds can stretch forth our clothing. Our brand will suit with people who are interested in newly fashion designed clothing because we made our products beautifully. And, we have plectron for clothing expenditures that how much money the customers will spend on the branding product, on average.If you would choose this brand, youll never feel unsatisfied and insecure. You can have a delightful lifestyle. Everyone wont seek down upon you when youre wearing them. You will feel like very secure. They can bring pleasure to you.In addition, we have been chosen the most suitable clothing style for Myanmar farming which are simple, but interesting and attracted to people. The chosen collections will be right field with Myanmar customs tastes.To consider about the geographic, we do research some inner-urban areas and higher(prenominal) socio-economics regions. Then, we point out not only the cities of Yangon and Mandalay but as wellspring as the compass of some wellhead-known supermarkets and shopping mall. We overly brand name a certain decision for the weather conditions of Myanmar and our selective areas. Generally, we are sure that Myanmar has the finest weather and the mode is not very cold comp ared with other countries. Thats wherefore we negotiate and make a decision that well share the most convenient and cute clothes with our Myanmar customers.Head Office locationAddress Mortin shopping mallContact no. +951501509Contact mail emailprotected, emailprotectedCustomer demoraliseing behaviorCustomers can look around many brands. Theyll have many choices, stock-still when they compare with our brand, they will be persuaded and motivated to buy our products. Although the consumers are impatience about it, they will see the quality, color, design and prices. And, it is overly crucial that we get the right place. All the people might believe that the items at the shopping malls have security so that they are more willing to buy it. Therefore, we sell our products in better supermarket to attract customer behavior. Consumers make a decision at the shopping centre but it will state some efforts and time to decide carefully.Customer might use and look into the Yellow page s, internet, journals or magazines. So, the data and information put into these papers, but not in details.They can too have a look through our own vane page. www.precious.com.sgOur staff will be always on line and we update the data all the times, so you dont have to disturbance about the fashion is not up-to-date.Product StrategiesProduct classificationOur product can be accepted as shopping goods because people usually compare price, quality and style when they buy the clothes. diffusion channels and promotional strategies shaped on our products and on the customers. We appointed with retailers to sales event large quantities.Product life cycle stageThe PCL stage is similarly influenced on our products. We are going to think about the proceedss and we always need to aware that our price is affordable or not, and we are trying to get friend institutionalize about our competitors fashion trend and the situation of the other markets.Product sashay or Product lineWe have so me kinds of sizes for male and female individually. They are small, medium and large for female and S, M, L, XL, and XXL for male.There are some(prenominal) colors for both male and female. Many sorts of types can be obtained.We are talent services, like online shopping and delivery.These are all the items for femaleTops- fashion tops, shirts and teesJackets and coats- jackets and coats, vestsSkirts pantsShortsDressesShoes-flats and scandal, heals and wedges, bootsOther accessoriesThe following items are for male customersShirtsJackets and coatsSuitsPantsShortsShoes- shoes and socksBrandThe name PRECIOUS indicates to our product. This logo will represent our brand.We give the slogan as if you want to be stylish, wear PRECIOUS.Branding schemeWe define the producers own brands as branding strategy owing to our products field, the financial background, and the management. Our product field is large, we are well financed, and well managed for our product lines.PackagingWe dont have sp ecial packaging styles or methods. We just package well to look good and stark(a).Distribution StrategiesChannel woofWe will use both Direct and Indirect Distribution Channels.In direct distribution channel, we will distribute our product directly to final consumers. We just use our own sales or perhaps telecommerce or online marketing directly to consumers. We will perform as manufacturers.In indirect distribution channel, we will distribute our products through retailers such as supermarkets and stores to consumers. And we also use middlemen. Middlemen are important because it is usually not serviceable for a producer to deal directly with ultimate consumers. We need intermediaries generally for acting as transport and merchandise gene when we export our products to other places such as Nay Pyee Daw, Mandalay and on.Pricing StrategiesPricing ObjectivesAs we are starting our business, we prefer to have Sales Oriented Goals. We might not look to maximize profit but rather to set a price aimed at increasing sale volume.Price ElasticityAs clothing is not only shopping good but also psychogenic need, consumers will usually compare price, quality and style and also buying ha catchs affect distribution and promotion, But the price will be elastic. The price will be change when increasing demand.Market entre StrategiesWe will enter the market with by utilise Market graze Pricing Strategy. Because our product is backing a relatively high initial price as our target market is for elite customers.By using this strategy it can help to establish a high-quality image for our new product and provides the firm with pricing flexibility.Another point of view why our product is suitable for that strategy the reasons for that are our product is in the primordial stages of life cycle and our new product is distinctive.Product costWhen we setting up the price. There are two types of cost, variable and fixed.Wages and salaries, task and insurance, machinery costs and vehicles and equipments are fixed costs.Raw material cost, electricity, delivery and advertizing are variable costs.Price Setting MethodsWe will use indeterminate pricing method. (Total cost +desire profit) is also call mark up pricing.Evaluation of cost- increase pricing (Budgeted) Planned=10Cost, interchange price, make headway BudgetedLabour and material costs per cloth $20Overhead (fixed cost) $25Total cost per unit = $45According to the calculation budgeted selling price per unit = $45+$4.5= $49.5 per unitBreak-even analysisIt is important to ache break-even point for our company otherwise we cant make profit and also cant imagine for the good will of our company.We wish to find out how many units must be sold to cover all cost.So we used Break-even analysis.The equations for Break-even point isBreak-even point, in units= Total fixed costSelling price per unit average variable cost per unit ($) forwarding strategiesWe will always inform and remind about our ultimate goods to our usual customers and the other new customers. Well apply the advertising method and sale promotion method to publicize.Well use 10% of annual profit for our products promotion.AdvertisingWell not use the broadcasting through TV channels. At first, well print in the famous magazines and journals to recognize by the public easily. Then, well emphasize on the outdoors advertisements _ billboards and bus sides so that a lot of people will notice our product now and then.Sale promotionWe have prepared some contests to become beaten(prenominal) with some business people and consumers. Well put more stress on trade shows and in-store video displays. We have hired the ball room in Traders hotel (Yangon) and Sedona hotel (Mandalay) to make our first trade show in Myanmar. And, we have well organized to start our trade show. After that, we are going to display our latest fashion designed clothes in some unfit department stores. We also get ready to allow for the member tease if yo u become our loyalty customer. We have gold, silver and platinum cards for our customers. You will see amazing rewards when you come to our . You can do members at our web page. If you got a profile in our websites, you can see and shop our late items on line. We make the offering 10% off. Youll see our astonished plus offers and rewards.SWOT AnalysisStrengthsWell design, best quality and we also use tight quality control strategies. Therefore, our products have better quality than any other competitors.Legally import from china.Well packing to avoid equipment casualty by transportations.Only sell qualified products there is no wrongfulness items.WeaknessSelling price may b a bit problem for ordinary class customers because of our products target market is for elite customers.Distribution direct from manufacturers to the retailer so we arent sure the retailers do their work perfect or not.Our company is newly established. As we are in debut stage, the awareness of people about our brand may be small even though our product is nice.We need separate of promotional strategies than other existing competitors to penetrate the market.OpportunitiesWe allow some opportunities for our customers and also authorized agent too. If a customer buys goods for 200,000ks within a month we give him/her 5%discount card up to two years.For authorized agent if their revenues pretend the focus target we allow them to get feedback 5% of their revenues as bonuses for them and also free trips to China.ThreatsOne biggest threat for our product is that there are lots of famous competitors.Delay transportation, for example, when we import out products from China by ship if the weather is terrible our stocks will be delay. We have to sell our products agree to the weather if our stocks are delayed we cant sell these delay product on that time. If we are going to sell those products in coming season it is sure that our products are not up to date.Another one is pretension becaus e of that the value of Myanmar Kyat became low so when exchanging money fluctuation is threat for us. bodily function PlanWe will provide our customers with the best quality products.By giving opportunities helps our firm to increase the volume of sales.Make our product well-know and satisfying consumer wants by developing goods and special service.We fight our main competitor by devising priority of consumer wants on the other hand their weakness is they only focus on making money by selling men wears whereas we make satisfy our consumers by selling both genders and also accessories for both of them and also discount systems. We will build trust with our consumers and let them know that our product is reliable and qualified in these ways we hope to build strengths and to shoot down our weakness..

Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases

gifted aesculapian diagnosis for viridity Diseases1. submission1.1. Present Scenario net tap is the latest and the nearly powerful innovation of man lovely. In present succession of internet we apply calculating machine railway locomotiveering science to cryst solelyize our much troubles. immediately in e real field we exercise data turnor engine room from education, business, companionable networking to order a dinner or headness check-up.Nobody knows from when pitying atomic subject 18 start victimisation practice of euphony for recruit themselves from illness. Many years ago when uncivilized human atomic number 18 lives in cave, deep woodland they put ond various tree, excogitationts leaves as medicine. They thrust their companionship to the next generation. in that respect is no MBBS remedys atomic number 18 operable at that time.The anytime any pull availability of lucre has made a great impact speci exclusivelyy in-terms of r indi viduallying customers and devising themselves aw ar of superstars products plate and operate. (Roche, 2010) Going back 15 or more than(prenominal) years, when hardly anyone had access to the internet you would throw had to go bulge out to flummox a reestablish for solving your health problems. nevertheless(prenominal) now, that the internet is useable to many a nonher(prenominal) nation, so plenty stub see to it a practical(prenominal) mendelevium clinic.In to twenty-four hourss modern society we collect MBBS doctors, thousands of medicine for thousands of diseases. If we digest downcast, we go to the doctors clinic and doctor diagnosis us, then(prenominal) order well-nigh medicine and after taking medicine leave alone finely inwardly almost(prenominal) days. But if you went out from your city or you go someplace, where you bum about sick and you dont throw off any doctor nearby. What you do then? In Africa thither is alone 1 doctor among 5000 p eople. Presently, Kenya has slightly more than 5,000 doctors. in that respect argon many places where people ar dying because of some frequent diseases. in effect(p) some joint medicine to a lower placeside financial aid them.Now if I pick uped you What if you could visit a doctor, any time of day or night, without divergence your plaza and that doctor could review your history, diagnose your problem and in totition delve you pre manusion? Now you are thinking how is it feasible? Ok you guide just an internet connection and computer and yen aesculapian exam diagnosing for common Diseases online computer software governing body testament do it for you.1.2. Topic of the pukeThe estimate is title ache Medical diagnosis for Common Diseases. It go forth be a generic software package for a checkup examination examination examination clinic. The ar str and so onment exit be able to act as a vane-based solution for medical indication control. It botho w for prove to be addition for both the doctor as well as their longanimous.1.3. driveed AudienceTarget audience or exploiter is one of the briny concerns on how and wherefore a administration is been bring oned, who is press release to use this agreement. The target exploiters of b happenness Medical diagnosing for Common Diseases with Medicine inquisition Engine mystify been categorize into three types.1.4. labour ContextInternet enthusiastic people unavoidableness to use internet to solve their medical problems. But thither is no steady- departure topical anaesthetic commit that move provide this benign of facility.This considerate of entanglementsite is perfect for them who dont own time to visit a doctors clinic for minorWhere doctor is unable, we use this kind of engine room to patron people. Presently,There are except 54 doctors per 100,000 peoples in Africa. Kenya has slightly more than 5,000 doctors. In this country this kind of dodge go forth garter people if it evoke be implemented. .1.5. rationale behind the organizationThe hobby has bluelighted some of the approximately common benefits of the last word Medical diagnosing for Common Diseases with Medicine Search EngineBecause of the foundation of the identified problems, there is a take in for much(prenominal) bulge out. This vagabond consists of some on-line clear coating which provides guides to the enduring. The corpse leave be employ produced algorithmic rule to intention a practical(prenominal) medical agent. The benefits gained from this range are drug user after part contact with doctor easily from their home or office. atomic number 101 backside easily manage their unhurried. unhurried end gain medical experience from use this scheme.Smart sign checker hobo tending longanimous anytime.1.5.1. Proposed Solution Patient who sop up some knowledge of using internet doesnt want to visit to doctor for common diseases life fiver, Pain , stomatitis etcetera It overly benefactors community and skilled health workers, support by automatise sound judgement and treatment protocols, tramp fastly hit the roof the delivery of health concern in evolution countries The spread of brisk phones and blade serve adopts bare-ass models of health do by delivery possible at everyones hand. Proven technology impart allow ontogeny countries to leapfrog the knowledge gap in the midst of doctors and patients drug user bay window contain almost health dish out tasks from this transcription. ready doesnt consume to remember all the give ear of medicine and their purpose. come to stinker sense details of a medicine just a click of a search button. Ground-breaking but proven technology allows rapid reading, review, and updating of interlocking automated guidelines by medical professionals without it intervention.1.6. Benefits of the constitution phylogenesis and Implementation of much(prenominal) a organi zation go forth lease in a plenty of benefits for the business, its employees and its customers (both current and potential). These benefits can be separate into genuine and Intangible which are discussed in details below- The transcription care doctor to dedicate straightawayer diagnosis. Using medicine search engine doctor can get any medicine selective information with in a second. unhomogeneous medical stopcocks a alike(p)(p) BMI calculator, prognostic checker etc. forget help doctor as well as patient to solve their problems easily. scheme administrator can easily manage the ashes using surfeit prudence outline. The musical arrangement lead use roles and consent aims, to master(prenominal)tain confidentiality of mystic info of administrator, doctor and patient. Patient can use chat serve to chat with doctor. The presence of plastered advantages offered by the system on the rambling entanglement impart as well as plug that the system can be accessed from anywhere anytime.1.7. Challenges Involved foundering a system much(prenominal) as this will involve a phalanx of challenges for the give awayer. The major challenges can be classified under-1.7.1. ground Challenges selective information Gathering and realm psychoanalysis Due to the developers unfamiliarity with the work-flow and the operationes followed in the online signal Checker it will become a challenging task to develop awareness close the medical service domain. Implementation of Customizability The immensegest challenge of develop a system uniform this is its instruction execution itself. There is mellowed plowshare of risk pertain in developing and implementation of a system wish well this. The main challenge is to deduct the base fantasys involved in designing and developing Smart Medical Diagnosis. The developer will withal film to follow a modular and object oriented approach in developing this system for enhancing reusability, abst raction, encapsulation and polymorphism. Content Management system (CMS) Understanding and Implementing a CMS integrated with a system wish well this will require the developer to design the mingled computer architecture of the system in prior so that his/her concepts are clear regarding the ascendence flow of the system and no module infringes each opposite. This will excessively require him/her to assume existing CMS such as Joomla and Drupal and scan their architecture and working. Database ending and Normalization Designing a database for a generic customizable system like this is challenge in itself. The fields and data types of the table on with the tables itself are non fixed or pre-defined. The developer necessarily to economy property in mind user customization may wish to shape these database objects dynamically and because necessarily to keep a image for their creation and modification. apart from this, there take ups to be a hulky centralized data base, which is open(a) of storing large amount of data and about a large number of entities. The relation between these large numbers of entities will be infallible to be figure out and a Byzantine normalization has to be implemented in designing a database like this. Implementation of 3-Tier architecture In order to enhance scalability, capital punishment, reliability and boldness of this system, the developer will exact to implement 3-Tier architecture for developing this system which is a challenging task keeping in mind the size and complexness of the systems database. Algorithm for Customizing the site and symbol Checker The developer will require to lawsuit square(a) collar for logics and algorithms in order to develop the module where the administrative users can add or edit new pages, new token option where he/she will be able to add its name description on with the algorithm that will be followed for generating a decisive result.1.7.2. adept ChallengesPHP The system will require the developer to use advanced PHP functionalities like Personalization, Forum, Blog and Emailing which will be employ in various modules of this system. Develop a PHP base diligence is harder as equalise to develop same practical performance in ASP.NET using visual studio. Visual studio generates code for you debug for you and its also tho time. But PHP is challenge as compare to asp.net. Cause PHP doesnt have any IDE and very code you need to salve it down in a text editor. Finding an error is also a designate ace. But for learning purpose PHP is great. Thats the reason I chose PHP as main vane breeding language. meshing Based system Making an synergistic web based system is difficult. Implement a dynamic web site is harder than fashioning a desktop finishing. We need to take fretting of network, client innkeeper, band width to bother go for successful.AJAX and JavaScript / jQuery For designing an transcendental and dynamic embrasure so that users have a rich be intimate availing owns like data entry assistance, error prevention, etc. The developer needs to have in depth knowledge of AJAX as well as JavaScript or jQuery. Implementation of AJAX is not user-friendly task for a developer who is new to web reading. I just know little PHP and HTML. It will be a challenge for me to implement Ajax in this enter. AJAX identifys web application fell like a desktop application.CSS Most people who are new in web festering cant able to understand how to lay out a page. They just try to drug and throw up div, table using Dreamweaver or any HTML design in additionls with underrating the advanced concept of CSS. And ended up withAdvanced Database Concepts with MYSQL For designing such a complex database that the system requires the developer needs to have a concrete thought of database concepts like Normalization, Query Optimization, Views, and Permissions. He/she should also require familiarity with MYSQL. bustling OPTIMIZA TING For optimizing the web application for peregrine phones and handheld thingumabobs the developer needs to have broad skills in WML, alert web as well as an disposition of how to integrate WML with server side scripting technologies1.8. Goals behind developing the governance1.8.1. pop the top dog goalWhen people are sick, they mustiness(prenominal) make critical finiss about when and where they should receive health contend. Unfortunately, most people overleap the medical knowledge mandatory to make these decisions safely.Online flip diagnosis is power by a computer program that performs symptom triage. The goal of symptom triage is to decide when, and where, you should seek attending when you have symptoms. presage triage does not stand in a physician valuation or make a diagnosis.1.8.2. academician Goal To recall and take apart and implement the understanding and concepts learnt in the unadulterated course curriculum by with(predicate) various modules as well as on individual level and implement all of it in order to come out with a discern compute jut out of industry standard To document and say the deliverables professionally adjacent the standards followed in industry.1.9. Objectives of the remains1.9.1. watch Objectives To come up with a complete automation solution for online symptom diagnosis. To keep the design, architecture, implementation flexible so as to allow customization by the system administrator. optimise information entry and service interface according to the capability of the device requesting it. To use conversation channels apart from HTTP like Email, SMS and WAP for supplying lumber information and operate to customers and company employees. To ensure that the web is bug bountiful and that it runs equally and efficiently on all browsers and platforms1.9.2. Academic Objectives The prime purpose is to learn nitty-gritties of intercommunicate management and travail development lifecycle, implemen ting it in developing the system and gaining visualise in it. Learn Content Management System (CMS) To learn and confine the various sack learning Methodology and tender computing device interaction Design Principles to the system design. meshing accessibility To learn and master the advance features of PHP, MYSQL and associated technologies. To learn the internal work-flow and procedures that is followed medical diagnosis.1.10. Success CriteriaTo restore whether the escort is a success or a failure parameters such as the woodland of application developed as well as the quality of date documentation will be analysed. The quality of application will intromit the degree to which requirement was fulfilled, the degree of user-friendliness of the system as well as the ability to run swiftly, consistently and error-freely on multiplex browsers.1.11 Scope and Functionalities of the SystemScope limits the plan. It defines where in the toil the developer should call it stop. It determines to what achievement the system will support functionalities and beyond what the system facilitates no feature or functionalities.1.11.1. Functionalities to be implementedThe functionalities to be incorporated into the system which in turn will decide the scope of the system have been classified into 3 categories on the basis of their complexity and exclusiveness. They are-1.11.1.1. Core Functionalities. type checker is an involuntary smart software agent that can ask question to patient about their problem and it analysis the problems and diagnosis the debases of the patient Chat service Patients can text chat with doctor. Forum drug user can create, touch delete thread in forum pass along User can send message to each other CMS(Content management System) Admin can create update and delete pages. Medicine search engine Doctor can use medicine search engine to know about working of a particular medicine Registration of Doctor And Patient . Patient Can upload his/her medical history. Secure and configurable user access through individual user logins and passwords. Users can change their password.1.11.1.2. enhance Functionalities Design the virtual doctor using artificial intelligent television chat service Create user blog Full supple based services Full customizing user profiling.1.11.1.3. Special Functionalities Various tool boxes for doctor BMI Calculator, BRM calculator, organic structure fat calculator. Voice chat and VoIP1.11.2. Scope of the despatchThis projects main purpose is to give perfect medical information to the user through internet. It will save time and money of both doctor and patient. The patient who dont have the time to visit the clinic of the doctor for some common issue they can use this system. This kind of system already in market like virtual doctor, WEB MD, Online health, but none of them kit and boodle on mobile platform. As Smart Medical Diagnosis also works on mobile platform, anyone with wap enable mobile with GPRS, EGDE or 3G can access his web services and get information about medicine and diseases.1.11.2.1 Scope terminus ad quem Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases is an online application. Without internet this system doesnt work WAP Based mobile not able to display the webpage chat compulsory high speed internet connection Symptom checker may be diagnosis equipment casualty if patient give wrong stimulant Serious medical problems cant be resolved using this system Only some common diseases can be diagnosis1.12. feasibleness subscribe toBy the means of feasibleness submit one can hazard out if an information system project can be done, and if so, how. A feasibleness study should make outs the following question Whether the project can be done What are alternative solutions? What are the criteria for choosing among them? Is there a preferred alternative?After a feasibility study, a decision is taken on the go ahead/no go of the project. There are a many ty pes of feasibility study that are used for analysis of Information System. In this project the developer has dependant the feasibility study to Technological Feasibility Study and schedule Feasibility.1.12.1. Technical Feasibility StudyThe technical feasibility study compares the level of technology available in the software development firm and the level of technology required for the development of the product. Here the level of technology consists of the programming language, the ironware resources, Other software tools etc. (All About Information Technology)In this project the hardware and software required as the application will be deployed on a apache server, PHP 5.3 With ZEND Framework and mysql 5 Server will not be big ask at present scene. On the client finish the application just requires any current java script enable web browser.1.12.3. Operational Feasibility StudyOperational feasibility study tests the usable scope of the software to be developed. The proposed s oftware must have high operational feasibility. The usability will be high.It is basically used to analyse whether the system will be used if it is developed and implemented. Whether there will be resistance from users that will affect the possible application benefits? Data gather methods such as questionnaire and interviews have been incorporated in the development plan to ensure all user requirements are peaceful well in hand to develop the system. We also provide help manual to founder understand the tystem.1.12.3. Schedule Feasibility StudySchedule Feasibility is an assessment whether the project will be able to complete on time. Since the project deadline is fixed i.e. 32 weeks. Each project flesh time-line has been established with certain milestones also including some form of deliverables like PPF, PSF and Mid-Point the project-schedule is true to life(predicate) and well within establish if the established schedule is followed precisely.1.13. Major Project Deliverabl esFinal course of instruction Project Documentation knave 18 indite ProposalPPF ethical FormPSFlog sheetHard writeSoft replicaFinal Year Project Documentation Page 18 choke date 27th July 2010Duration 31 WeeksEnd date twentieth March2Planning(total 18 days) take on Breakdown structureSchedule and Time EstimationCritical racetrack MethodInterviewsGantt graphProject Proposal FormWeeks -2.53Analysis(total 49 days) spot project itemations Project Background Resources required Techniques to be learnt Goals and Objectives Determine System Functionalities Identify scope of researchProject spec Forminvestigation ad Research Programming Human Computer Interaction multimedia system Design Principles User requirements DriftingAnalysis User Profiling Domain analysis System analysis Risk analysisWeeks -74System Design(Total 49 days)TasksNavigational Design trading floor Boarding exercise DiagramAbstract Interface Design binding layout Content Design Interactivity Design Functionali ty DesignMidpoint InterviewWeeks -75Implementation(Total 28 days)Code generationModule IntegrationWeeks -46 examen and paygrade(Total 35days)Test PlansUnit interrogationIntegration TestingSystem TestingCritical EvaluationWeeks -57Project endpoint(Total 35days)Submission of the finished productPresentationWeeks -52. Problem DescriptionWhen people are sick, they must make critical decisions about when and where they should receive health complaint. Unfortunately, most people drop the medical knowledge needed to make these decisions safely.Online Smart Diagnosis is powered by a computer program that performs symptom triage. The goal of symptom triage is to decide when, and where, you should seek wish when you have symptoms. Symptom triage does not replace a physician evaluation or make a diagnosis. everyplace the gone 12 years, health keeping professionals in the U.S. government and major managed care organizations have used the program extensively, proving its potentness. Li ke FreeMD.com improves medical outcomes by constituent consumers determine the most appropriate time and place to receive care from a healthcare professional. (How it Works)With so many options for care today, its becoming more eventful for you to know where you should get care when you develop symptoms. Choices include apprehension RoomUrgent Care Centerdoc Office medical student eVisit (via the web, e-mail, or phone)Dentist OfficeNurse sell ClinicYour choice on where to get care is important because not all of these positions are fit out to treat all health problems. If you make the wrong choice, you risk delaying your diagnosis and treatment. A wrong choice could also antecede you to over-pay for the same care you could have received in a less expensive setting. Online Smart Diagnosis was created to safely direct you to the right location where you get the care you need, without paying more than you need to.Online Smart Diagnosis performs a medical interview, just like a rea l doctor. During the interview, you answer questions about your symptoms and past medical history. Online Smart Diagnosis is designed to be fast (average invade time is less than 2 minutes), so you get help fast At the end of the serve up, FreeMD.com generates a report that provides the following informationWhat baron be causing your symptoms?When should you see a doctor?Where should you seek care?What kind of doctor should you see?What should you do to care for yourself?There are many palaces in the humanity where you cant find a iodin doctor.There are only 54 doctors per 100,000 peoples in Africa.Presently, Kenya has slightly more than 5,000 doctors.In many parts of the world, far too many children and adults are dying unnecessarily from easily treatable diseases.In a world where many of us take basic healthcare for granted, one in sextette children in Zambia will still not reach the age of five. excessively very much this problem is simply due to the lack of access to eff ective essential healthcare. Whether it is the huge distances to health centres and lack of transport, the lack of doctors in many regions, or the simple shortage of resources such as medications, very often easily treatable conditions are left until it is too late.From in a higher place information we can say, there is a desperate lack of primary healthcare available to rural communities in many parts of the world due to their geographical isolation, shortage of doctors, and lack of resources. The Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases Project is an innovative new venture that aims to use mobile clinics and internet to save lives.3. Literature ReviewDevelopment of successful project starts with a solid and deep Research. Thus, Research will be an on-going surgical procedure throughout the project. Researches need in every phase let it be planning, user interface designing or anything and e curiously when you are in mould of twist comprehensible website. The research area will also consist of the development military operation model which will be used for the project. Getting good hands on programming languages and mastering back-ends will also be a challenge and research work. For developing this project I am going to flow Web Engineering model. I think this is the dress hat model to make web based project.3.1. Web Engineering and WebE care for modelAs Web-based systems play increasingly important roles in a number of applications, the demands placed on these systems and their complexity have also change magnitude significantly. Also, there is maturement need for improved quality, performance and availability of Web-based systems as we are now more dependent on Web-based systems than ever before. But, most Web-based systems are poorly developed in ad hoc manner and hence they exhibit poor performance and are persuasible for major failures. Web-based system development, in most cases, lacks rigour, systematic approach to design, discipline de velopment process and quality ascendance and assurance procedures. Hence, there is growing concern about the performance, quality, integrity, maintainability and scalability of complex Web based systems. Web applied science advocates a process and a systematic approach to development of high quality Web-based systems and aims to bring the potential chaos in Web-based system development under control and enhance scalability, maintainability and quality. It is a rapidly emerging as a new discipline for successful development and deployment of large Web-based systems in a range of applications. Web Engineering is an evolving development methodology devote to the development of lord Internet and Web Applications. It advocates a standardized process and follows a systematic approach. (S. Murugesan, Y. Deshpande, S. Hansen and A. Ginig, 1999)Web engineering principles and approaches can fix the issues colligate to web development methodology gaining complete control over the process, minimizing risk and improving the quality and maintainability(Ginige Murugesan, 2000)Web Engineering ActivitiesSuccessful Web-based system development and deployment is a process, not just an event as currently perceived and practiced by many developers and academics. Web engineering is a holistic approach and deals with all aspects of web-based development, starting from concerting and development to implementation, performance evaluation, and continual maintenance. (Suh, 2005)(Suh, 2005)Web Engineering Development ProcessReasons behind choosing the WebE process model Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases going to be a web based project and as developer have chosen web engineering model, it would be easy and profitable to follow the process model suggested under the web engineering.The WebE process model is deliberately developed for the web applications and it addresses the specific needs of a web application which differs from the traditional software and is not addressed by the traditional software methodologies, too. Developers system is a web based system and would have a feature that can be looked after only by a dedicated web process model and thats why I found WebE useful.Take time to understand the business needs and product objectives, even if WebApp details are vague. recognize how users will interact with the WebApp using a scenario-based approachDevelop a brief project plan.Spend time modeling what you are going to build 3.2 Academic ResearchSmart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases with Medicine Search Engine is a project where research is going to be very crucial. I have contact with doctor for meeting information. Some of friends who are medical student are going to help in making the database. There are already some system are on the market. From this kind of system I can learn, how I can make this kind of system. Academic Research means extracting information from others hard clear experiences like going through books, journals, paper presentations and other published materials.My project has multidirectional requirementsMedical Since this project deals with Medical, patient and so I will need to go through various Medical books so that at least(prenominal) I should have an idea how can I make a virtual medical agent.Patient I have to understand what a patient want from a doctor. What kind of patient should able to use this kind of system?Software Engineering TechniquesWeb engineering , rambling WEB technologiesNetwork and Internet Databases there will be a huge use and requirements for databases, since everything will be stored at backend. So I will need a secure, big databaseReports generationSmart Medical Diagnosis for Common DiseasesSmart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases1. Introduction1.1. Present ScenarioInternet is the latest and the most powerful innovation of mankind. In present era of internet we used computer technology to solve our many problems. Today in every field we use computer tec hnology from education, business, social networking to order a dinner or health check-up.Nobody knows from when human are start using medicine for cure themselves from illness. Many years ago when uncivilized human are lives in cave, deep forest they used various tree, plants leaves as medicine. They give their knowledge to the next generation. There is no MBBS doctors are available at that time.The anytime anywhere availability of Internet has made a great impact specially in-terms of reaching customers and making themselves aware of ones products base and services. (Roche, 2010) Going back 15 or more years, when hardly anyone had access to the internet you would have had to go out to find a doctor for solving your health problems. But now, that the internet is available to many people, so people can visit a virtual doctor clinic.In todays modern society we have MBBS doctors, thousands of medicine for thousands of diseases. If we feel sick, we go to the doctors clinic and doctor di agnosis us, then prescribed some medicine and after taking medicine will fine within few days. But if you went out from your city or you go someplace, where you get sick and you dont have any doctor nearby. What you do then? In Africa there is only 1 doctor among 5000 people. Presently, Kenya has slightly more than 5,000 doctors. There are many places where people are dying because of some common diseases. Just some common medicine can help them.Now if I asked you What if you could visit a doctor, any time of day or night, without leaving your home and that doctor could review your history, diagnose your problem and also give you prescription? Now you are thinking how is it possible? Ok you need just an internet connection and computer and Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases onlinesoftware will do it for you.1.2. Topic of the ProjectThe Project is titled Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases. It will be a generic software package for a medical clinic. The system will b e able to act as a web-based solution for medical symptom checker. It will prove to be asset for both the doctor as well as their patient.1.3. Targeted AudienceTarget audience or user is one of the main concerns on how and why a system is been developed, who is going to use this system. The target users of Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases with Medicine Search Engine have been categorized into three types.1.4. Problem ContextInternet enthusiastic people want to use internet to solve their medical problems. But there is no good local site that can provide this kind of facility.This kind of website is perfect for them who dont have time to visit a doctors clinic for minorWhere doctor is unable, we used this kind of technology to help people. Presently,There are only 54 doctors per 100,000 peoples in Africa. Kenya has slightly more than 5,000 doctors. In this country this kind of system will help people if it can be implemented. .1.5. Rationale behind the SystemThe following has highlighted some of the most common benefits of the Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases with Medicine Search EngineBecause of the existence of the identified problems, there is a need for such project. This project consists of some on-line web application which provides guides to the patient. The system will be using advanced algorithm to design a virtual medical agent. The benefits gained from this project areUser can contact with doctor easily from their home or office.Doctor can easily manage their patient.Patient can gain medical knowledge from using this system.Smart Symptom checker can help patient anytime.1.5.1. Proposed Solution Patient who have some knowledge of using internet doesnt need to visit to doctor for common diseases life fiver, Pain, stomatitis etc. It also helps community and skilled health workers, supported by automated assessment and treatment protocols, can rapidly expand the delivery of health care in developing countries The spread of mobile ph ones and web services makes new models of healthcare delivery possible at everyones hand. Proven technology will allow developing countries to leapfrog the knowledge gap between doctors and patients User can learn about healthcare tasks from this system. Doctor doesnt need to remember all the name of medicine and their purpose. Doctor can find details of a medicine just a click of a search button. Ground-breaking but proven technology allows rapid development, review, and updating of complex automated guidelines by medical professionals without it intervention.1.6. Benefits of the SystemDevelopment and Implementation of such a system will bring in a lot of benefits for the business, its employees and its customers (both current and potential). These benefits can be classified into Tangible and Intangible which are discussed in details below- The system help doctor to make faster diagnosis. Using medicine search engine doctor can get any medicine information with in a second. Various medical tools like BMI calculator, symptom checker etc. will help doctor as well as patient to solve their problems easily. System administrator can easily manage the system using content management system. The system will use roles and permission levels, to maintain confidentiality of private data of administrator, doctor and patient. Patient can use chat services to chat with doctor. The presence of certain services offered by the system on the mobile web will also ensure that the system can be accessed from anywhere anytime.1.7. Challenges InvolvedDeveloping a system such as this will involve a host of challenges for the developer. The major challenges can be classified under-1.7.1. Domain Challenges Data Gathering and Domain Analysis Due to the developers unfamiliarity with the work-flow and the processes followed in the online Symptom Checker it will become a challenging task to develop awareness about the medical service domain. Implementation of Customizability The biggest c hallenge of developing a system like this is its implementation itself. There is high percentage of risk involved in development and implementation of a system like this. The main challenge is to understand the base concepts involved in designing and developing Smart Medical Diagnosis. The developer will also need to follow a modular and object oriented approach in developing this system for enhancing reusability, abstraction, encapsulation and polymorphism. Content Management System (CMS) Understanding and Implementing a CMS integrated with a system like this will require the developer to design the complex architecture of the system in prior so that his/her concepts are clear regarding the control flow of the system and no module infringes each other. This will also require him/her to study existing CMS such as Joomla and Drupal and understand their architecture and working. Database Designing and Normalization Designing a database for a generic customizable system like this is ch allenge in itself. The fields and data types of the table along with the tables itself are not fixed or pre-defined. The developer needs to code keeping in mind user customization may need to create these database objects dynamically and hence needs to keep a scope for their creation and modification. Apart from this, there needs to be a big centralized database, which is capable of storing large amount of data and about a large number of entities. The relation between these large numbers of entities will be needed to be figure out and a complex normalization has to be implemented in designing a database like this. Implementation of 3-Tier Architecture In order to enhance scalability, performance, reliability and robustness of this system, the developer will need to implement 3-Tier architecture for developing this system which is a challenging task keeping in mind the size and complexity of the systems database. Algorithm for Customizing the site and Symptom Checker The developer w ill require to showcase solid understanding for logics and algorithms in order to develop the module where the administrative users can add or edit new pages, new symptom option where he/she will be able to add its name description along with the algorithm that will be followed for generating a definite result.1.7.2. Technical ChallengesPHP The system will require the developer to use advanced PHP functionalities like Personalization, Forum, Blog and Emailing which will be used in various modules of this system. Develop a PHP base application is harder as compare to develop same application in ASP.NET using visual studio. Visual studio generates code for you debug for you and its also save time. But PHP is challenge as compare to asp.net. Cause PHP doesnt have any IDE and very code you need to write it down in a text editor. Finding an error is also a head ace. But for learning purpose PHP is great. Thats the reason I chose PHP as main web development language.Web Based system Makin g an interactive web based system is difficult. Implement a dynamic web site is harder than making a desktop application. We need to take care of network, client server, band width to make project successful.AJAX and JavaScript / jQuery For designing an intuitive and dynamic interface so that users have a rich experience availing features like data entry assistance, error prevention, etc. The developer needs to have in depth knowledge of AJAX as well as JavaScript or jQuery. Implementation of AJAX is not easy task for a developer who is new to web development. I just know little PHP and HTML. It will be a challenge for me to implement Ajax in this project. AJAX makes web application fell like a desktop application.CSS Most people who are new in web development cant able to understand how to lay out a page. They just try to drug and drop div, table using Dreamweaver or any HTML design tools with underrating the advanced concept of CSS. And ended up withAdvanced Database Concepts with MYSQL For designing such a complex database that the system requires the developer needs to have a concrete understanding of database concepts like Normalization, Query Optimization, Views, and Permissions. He/she should also require familiarity with MYSQL.MOBILE OPTIMIZATING For optimizing the web application for mobile phones and handheld devices the developer needs to have extensive skills in WML, mobile web as well as an understanding of how to integrate WML with server side scripting technologies1.8. Goals behind developing the System1.8.1. Project goalWhen people are sick, they must make critical decisions about when and where they should receive healthcare. Unfortunately, most people lack the medical knowledge needed to make these decisions safely.Online smart diagnosis is powered by a computer program that performs symptom triage. The goal of symptom triage is to decide when, and where, you should seek care when you have symptoms. Symptom triage does not replace a physicia n evaluation or make a diagnosis.1.8.2. Academic Goal To recall and analyse and implement the understanding and concepts learnt in the complete course curriculum through various modules as well as on individual level and implement all of it in order to come out with a complete computing project of industry standard To document and publish the deliverables professionally following the standards followed in industry.1.9. Objectives of the System1.9.1. Project Objectives To come up with a complete automation solution for online symptom diagnosis. To keep the design, architecture, implementation flexible so as to allow customization by the system administrator. Optimize information presentation and service interface according to the capability of the device requesting it. To use communication channels apart from HTTP like Email, SMS and WAP for supplying quality information and services to customers and company employees. To ensure that the web is bug free and that it runs equally and e fficiently on all browsers and platforms1.9.2. Academic Objectives The prime objective is to learn nitty-gritties of project management and project development lifecycle, implementing it in developing the system and gaining experience in it. Learn Content Management System (CMS) To learn and apply the various Web Development Methodology and Human Computer Interaction Design Principles to the system design. Web accessibility To learn and master the advance features of PHP, MYSQL and associated technologies. To learn the internal work-flow and procedures that is followed medical diagnosis.1.10. Success CriteriaTo determine whether the project is a success or a failure parameters such as the quality of application developed as well as the quality of project documentation will be analysed. The quality of application will include the degree to which requirement was fulfilled, the degree of user-friendliness of the system as well as the ability to run swiftly, consistently and error-freel y on multiple browsers.1.11 Scope and Functionalities of the SystemScope limits the project. It defines where in the project the developer should call it stop. It determines to what extent the system will support functionalities and beyond what the system facilitates no feature or functionalities.1.11.1. Functionalities to be implementedThe functionalities to be incorporated into the system which in turn will decide the scope of the system have been classified into 3 categories on the basis of their complexity and exclusiveness. They are-1.11.1.1. Core Functionalities. Symptom checker is an automatic smart software agent that can ask question to patient about their problem and it analysis the problems and diagnosis the debases of the patient Chat Services Patients can text chat with doctor. Forum User can create, post delete thread in forum Messaging User can send message to each other CMS(Content management System) Admin can create update and delete pages. Medicine search engin e Doctor can use medicine search engine to know about works of a particular medicine Registration of Doctor And Patient . Patient Can upload his/her medical history. Secure and configurable user access through individual user logins and passwords. Users can change their password.1.11.1.2. Enhanced Functionalities Design the virtual doctor using artificial intelligent Video chat service Create user blog Full Mobile based services Full customizing user profiling.1.11.1.3. Special Functionalities Various tool boxes for doctor BMI Calculator, BRM calculator, Body fat calculator. Voice chat and VoIP1.11.2. Scope of the ProjectThis projects main aim is to give perfect medical information to the user through internet. It will save time and money of both doctor and patient. The patient who dont have the time to visit the clinic of the doctor for some common issue they can use this system. This kind of system already in market like virtual doctor, WEB MD, Online health, but none of them wo rks on mobile platform. As Smart Medical Diagnosis also works on mobile platform, anyone with wap enable mobile with GPRS, EGDE or 3G can access his web services and get information about medicine and diseases.1.11.2.1 Scope Limitation Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases is an online application. Without internet this system doesnt work WAP Based mobile not able to display the webpage chat required high speed internet connection Symptom checker may be diagnosis wrong if patient give wrong input Serious medical problems cant be solved using this system Only some common diseases can be diagnosis1.12. Feasibility StudyBy the means of feasibility study one can find out if an information system project can be done, and if so, how. A feasibility study should answers the following question Whether the project can be done What are alternative solutions? What are the criteria for choosing among them? Is there a preferred alternative?After a feasibility study, a decision is taken on t he go ahead/no go of the project. There are a many types of feasibility study that are used for analysis of Information System. In this project the developer has restricted the feasibility study to Technological Feasibility Study and Schedule Feasibility.1.12.1. Technical Feasibility StudyThe technical feasibility study compares the level of technology available in the software development firm and the level of technology required for the development of the product. Here the level of technology consists of the programming language, the hardware resources, Other software tools etc. (All About Information Technology)In this project the hardware and software required as the application will be deployed on a apache server, PHP 5.3 With ZEND Framework and mysql 5 Server will not be big ask at present scene. On the Client End the application just requires any current java script enable web browser.1.12.3. Operational Feasibility StudyOperational feasibility study tests the operational sco pe of the software to be developed. The proposed software must have high operational feasibility. The usability will be high.It is basically used to analyse whether the system will be used if it is developed and implemented. Whether there will be resistance from users that will affect the possible application benefits? Data gathering methods such as questionnaire and interviews have been incorporated in the development plan to ensure all user requirements are collected well in hand to develop the system. We also provide help manual to better understand the tystem.1.12.3. Schedule Feasibility StudySchedule Feasibility is an assessment whether the project will be able to complete on time. Since the project deadline is fixed i.e. 32 weeks. Each project phase time-line has been established with certain milestones also including some form of deliverables like PPF, PSF and Mid-Point the project-schedule is realistic and well within reach if the established schedule is followed precisely.1 .13. Major Project DeliverablesFinal Year Project Documentation Page 18Draft ProposalPPFEthical FormPSFlog sheetHard copySoft copyFinal Year Project Documentation Page 18Start date 27th July 2010Duration 31 WeeksEnd date 20th March2Planning(total 18 days)Work Breakdown StructureSchedule and Time EstimationCritical Path MethodInterviewsGantt ChartProject Proposal FormWeeks -2.53Analysis(total 49 days)Identify project specifications Project Background Resources required Techniques to be learnt Goals and Objectives Determine System Functionalities Identify scope of researchProject Specification FormInvestigation ad Research Programming Human Computer Interaction Multimedia Design Principles User requirements DriftingAnalysis User Profiling Domain analysis System analysis Risk analysisWeeks -74System Design(Total 49 days)TasksNavigational Design Story Boarding Process DiagramAbstract Interface Design Screen layout Content Design Interactivity Design Functionality DesignMidpoint Interv iewWeeks -75Implementation(Total 28 days)Code generationModule IntegrationWeeks -46Testing and Evaluation(Total 35days)Test PlansUnit TestingIntegration TestingSystem TestingCritical EvaluationWeeks -57Project Ending(Total 35days)Submission of the finished productPresentationWeeks -52. Problem DescriptionWhen people are sick, they must make critical decisions about when and where they should receive healthcare. Unfortunately, most people lack the medical knowledge needed to make these decisions safely.Online Smart Diagnosis is powered by a computer program that performs symptom triage. The goal of symptom triage is to decide when, and where, you should seek care when you have symptoms. Symptom triage does not replace a physician evaluation or make a diagnosis.Over the past 12 years, healthcare professionals in the U.S. government and major managed care organizations have used the program extensively, proving its effectiveness. Like FreeMD.com improves medical outcomes by helping con sumers determine the most appropriate time and place to receive care from a healthcare professional. (How it Works)With so many options for care today, its becoming more important for you to know where you should get care when you develop symptoms. Choices includeEmergency RoomUrgent Care CenterPhysician OfficePhysician eVisit (via the web, e-mail, or phone)Dentist OfficeNurse Retail ClinicYour choice on where to get care is important because not all of these locations are equipped to treat all health problems. If you make the wrong choice, you risk delaying your diagnosis and treatment. A wrong choice could also lead you to over-pay for the same care you could have received in a less expensive setting. Online Smart Diagnosis was created to safely direct you to the right location where you get the care you need, without paying more than you need to.Online Smart Diagnosis performs a medical interview, just like a real doctor. During the interview, you answer questions about your symp toms and past medical history. Online Smart Diagnosis is designed to be fast (average encounter time is less than 2 minutes), so you get help fast At the end of the process, FreeMD.com generates a report that provides the following informationWhat might be causing your symptoms?When should you see a doctor?Where should you seek care?What kind of doctor should you see?What should you do to care for yourself?There are many palaces in the world where you cant find a single doctor.There are only 54 doctors per 100,000 peoples in Africa.Presently, Kenya has slightly more than 5,000 doctors.In many parts of the world, far too many children and adults are dying unnecessarily from easily treatable diseases.In a world where many of us take basic healthcare for granted, one in six children in Zambia will still not reach the age of five.Too often this problem is simply due to the lack of access to effective primary healthcare. Whether it is the huge distances to health centres and lack of tran sport, the lack of doctors in many regions, or the simple shortage of resources such as medications, very often easily treatable conditions are left until it is too late.From above information we can say, there is a desperate lack of primary healthcare available to rural communities in many parts of the world due to their geographical isolation, shortage of doctors, and lack of resources. The Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases Project is an innovative new venture that aims to use mobile clinics and internet to save lives.3. Literature ReviewDevelopment of successful project starts with a solid and deep Research. Thus, Research will be an on-going process throughout the project. Researches need in every phase let it be planning, user interface designing or anything and especially when you are in process of building comprehensible website. The research area will also consist of the development process model which will be used for the project. Getting good hands on programming languages and mastering back-ends will also be a challenge and research work. For developing this project I am going to flow Web Engineering model. I think this is the best model to make web based project.3.1. Web Engineering and WebE Process modelAs Web-based systems play increasingly important roles in a number of applications, the demands placed on these systems and their complexity have also increased significantly. Also, there is growing need for improved quality, performance and availability of Web-based systems as we are now more dependent on Web-based systems than ever before. But, most Web-based systems are poorly developed in ad hoc manner and hence they exhibit poor performance and are susceptible for major failures. Web-based system development, in most cases, lacks rigour, systematic approach to design, disciplined development process and quality control and assurance procedures. Hence, there is growing concern about the performance, quality, integrity, maintainability and scalability of complex Web based systems. Web engineering advocates a process and a systematic approach to development of high quality Web-based systems and aims to bring the potential chaos in Web-based system development under control and enhance scalability, maintainability and quality. It is a rapidly emerging as a new discipline for successful development and deployment of large Web-based systems in a range of applications. Web Engineering is an evolving development methodology dedicated to the development of superior Internet and Web Applications. It advocates a standardized process and follows a systematic approach. (S. Murugesan, Y. Deshpande, S. Hansen and A. Ginig, 1999)Web engineering principles and approaches can fix the issues related to web development methodology gaining complete control over the process, minimizing risk and improving the quality and maintainability(Ginige Murugesan, 2000)Web Engineering ActivitiesSuccessful Web-based system development and depl oyment is a process, not just an event as currently perceived and practiced by many developers and academics. Web engineering is a holistic approach and deals with all aspects of web-based development, starting from concerting and development to implementation, performance evaluation, and continual maintenance. (Suh, 2005)(Suh, 2005)Web Engineering Development ProcessReasons behind choosing the WebE process model Smart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases going to be a web based project and as developer have chosen web engineering model, it would be easy and profitable to follow the process model suggested under the web engineering.The WebE process model is deliberately developed for the web applications and it addresses the specific needs of a web application which differs from the traditional software and is not addressed by the traditional software methodologies, too. Developers system is a web based system and would have a feature that can be looked after only by a dedicated we b process model and thats why I found WebE useful.Take time to understand the business needs and product objectives, even if WebApp details are vague.Describe how users will interact with the WebApp using a scenario-based approachDevelop a brief project plan.Spend time modeling what you are going to build 3.2 Academic ResearchSmart Medical Diagnosis for Common Diseases with Medicine Search Engine is a project where research is going to be very crucial. I have contact with doctor for gathering information. Some of friends who are medical student are going to help in making the database. There are already some system are on the market. From this kind of system I can learn, how I can make this kind of system. Academic Research means extracting information from others hard earned experiences like going through books, journals, paper presentations and other published materials.My project has multidirectional requirementsMedical Since this project deals with Medical, patient and so I wil l need to go through various Medical books so that at least I should have an idea how can I make a virtual medical agent.Patient I have to understand what a patient want from a doctor. What kind of patient should able to use this kind of system?Software Engineering TechniquesWeb engineering , Mobile WEB technologiesNetwork and Internet Databases there will be a huge use and requirements for databases, since everything will be stored at backend. So I will need a secure, big databaseReports generation

The atrocities of blood diamonds

The atrocities of broth rhombsThe Atrocities of Blood adamantsThe name diamond shape ups from the Greek word, adamas, meaning unconquerable. Suitably diamonds be the hardest natural substance kn protest to man, it is made up of milky-white pure snow crystals. Diamonds fox al sorts been a sign of wealth and prosperity. It is also a traditional expression of love. However, it is financing and profiting vicious political militias. People every around the world own these diamonds, and subscribe never heard of sierra Leone. Blood diamonds, also called conflict diamonds, atomic number 18 diamonds that atomic number 18 il rule-governedly exploit and professiond by come up groups to fund militias that argon against organizations. To fully understand the tone of these gems, and ultimately realize their role in violence, its important to know where they return from. Blood diamonds are mainly associated with the African countries of Angola, sierra Leone, and Zimbabwe. These precious stones squander been around for a century or so, but it wasnt until it financed both complaisant contends in Angola and sierra Leone in the 1990s, that global attention was drawn to the horrors of these diamonds. ever so since then diamond-connected violence in Africa has been systemic and massive. (Gale) Due to human estimable abuses, child labor, burned violence, and environmental destruction of blood diamonds, the establishment should fully enforce the hold onion of trading conflict diamonds within the diamond industry. after contendds the country gained independence from Portugal in 1975, Angolas civil war raged for nearly thirty years. (GALE) The opposing divisions made an agreement to cease-fire, and held a multiparty election. Well-known rebel leader Jonas Savimbi ran for presidency, but was defeated. Believing that the election was unfair, he took his rebel group, the National marrow for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), and took control of car dinal-thirds of Angola, including legal age of its diamond mines. With the diamonds, he funded the second warfare. UNITAs diamonds were smuggle out of Angola through the Democratic Republic of Congo. (Campell 4)sierra Leone is a small nation on the West African coast with a tribe of over four million people. It used to be a leading country with untouchable academic and artistic achievement, and entrepreneurial abilities. However, with a great decline, it is now the worst place to live in the world, and it continues to croak worse. The country is terrorized by the Revolutionary get together Front (RUF) who is motivated by two factors 1. Government failure to attend to the submits of the citizens and 2. Conflicting ideas about who should control the states mineral resources. (Banant) Initially RUF claimed to fight a corrupt administration, all the same the rebels quickly realized that the most effective route to power repose in sierra Leones diamond mines. Foday Sankoh, a f ormer corporal of the Sierra Leone army, leads the RUF. He was imprisoned for seven years for being part of the takeover attempt against Siaka Stevens. (Meredith 107) By 1994 the RUF had control of massive parts of Sierra Leone and its mines. They smuggled the diamonds into their neighbor, Liberia. From there is sold into the world market.In 2007, Zimbabwe emerged as a hot spot for hulky-scale diamond smuggling. The countrys diamonds surfaced in South Africa, where it was reported as decriminalise diamonds and was exported around the world. However the Zimbabwe government vigorously denied these charges. In the past two years with further evidence of corruption, the violence in the nations diamond handle continues to spur international cin one casern. Human Rights Watch conducted studies that show that police officers in Zimbabwes field to end the outlawed diamond smuggling were actually answerable for the killing of artisan miners and locals. In October 2008, under the contro l of President Robert Mugabe, the Zimbabwe arm forces killed over 200 people to take over the Marange diamond fields. directly De Beers a London based company, controls over two-thirds of the worlds diamonds. This company became involved with the diamonds from Africa mature after their discovery. Rhodes, the creator of De Beers envisioned controlling the whole diamond market. He was able to complete his monopolistic goals by 1880. With the formation of the London Diamond Syndicated, Rhodes was able to match supply with hold. It provided him important information about the diamond market allowing him to create an artificially controlled supply of diamonds. In return, the merchants were guaranteed certain nitty-gritty of diamond supply from Rhodes mines. (Johnson)The rebels substantiate committed nefarious crimes against humanity. The RUF uses a deplorable tactic as a tool to terrorize the civilian nation into submission and break-apart families and communities. People are abduc ted, men are captured to dally in the mines, boys are recruited into gangs, and women and girls act as domestic sex slave to the fighters. The war from 1991-1999 has claimed over 75,000 lives, caused 500,000 Sierra Leoneans to become refugees. (Johnson) Nearly 80% of the Sierra Leones population of 5 million people have been displaced. ( Campbell) According to research through with(p) by Physicians for Human Rights, nearly every closure in Sierra Leone under the rule of RUF has been pro preparely impacted by the tumult. Rape of women and girls was general and vicious during the conflict in the 1990s, and is reportedly continuing to this day. Out of xx women interviewed, twelve were raped. The rebels had beaten them to cause disorientation and to break their resistance. (Bell) Those lucky generous to escape from the rebels or who was release from some reason, get from various consequences. sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AID are rampant in this commonality. Traum a, posttraumatic straining disorder, anxiety, depression, and alienation from their communities, scar the lives of these victims. A high percentage of the survivors are with child(predicate) or are single mothers of rebel babies, a constant proctor of their horrible suffering. (Johnson) They face bleak futures without the medical attentions and humanitarian assistance that they need.Mutilation of men, women and children is a fun game for the rebels. Teams are dedicated to capture and mutate citizens. Sierra Leone President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah in 1996 pleaded for his countrymen to join hands for peace. As a chemical reaction the RUF dismembered their victims by in the buff of their hands and dumped the parts on the steps of the presidential palace. (Campbell XV) Mdecins Sans Frontires (MSF) was created there, a camp for amputees and war wounded. (Meredith 116)Sankoh forcibly recruited combatants from the children who were abducted during village raids. They went through indoctrin ation with dugs and training to kill. In galore(postnominal) cases they were forced to kill their own families. Girls were forced to become soldiers wives (Meredith 563) Child soldiers was a key part of the Sierra Leone conflict. Half of the RUF were 8-14 years old. (114) The Rarry Boys were thousands of unemployed youths who roamed the town of Freetown. They had a horrible life-style full of gambling, drugs, theft, and anger. (117) Martin Meredith a historian on the topic of blood diamonds verbalise this famous quote, Joining a militia group is both meal ticket and stockpile education. The pay may be derisory, but arm training pays quicker dividends than school ever did. Soon the AK47 brings food, money, a perfervid math, and instant adult respect. Young men join these combat groups to substitute for their lost family and friends. Child combatants are oftentimes considered ideal recruits by armed groups because they are relatively easy to manipulate, unlikely to question th e groups motives, and arouse lilliputian suspicion, according to the advocacy group Refugees International. Children because by the very nature of their immaturity are often induced to commite some of the wars greatest atrocities. (Atwood NP) Majority of the diamonds are harvested using the exploit of children and communities as labor force. The workers are subject to heinousness and degrading working conditions, and quite often death. The few that mine voluntarily get a very small income, the unlivable wage is way below the extreme poverty line. Small-scale miners are estimated to produce 20-25% of the minerals worldwide. This fount of archeological localize is usually illegal considering that is under extreme dangerous and pro-inflammatory conditions. There is no safety equipment or proper tools allowed for the workers. The miners are disadvantaged of basic needs and there is a lack of sanitation. The mortality number of child and young adult has vastly increased. Children are considered as low-cost labor and can do dangerous tasks that adults cant do. They are often sent into small mines that are too small for adults. They are attached dangerous and physically challenging jobs. Everyday they risk their lives to landslides as weakened ropes exclusively protect them. A recent study in Angola found that 46% of miners are under the age of 16 because of war and poverty. These children suffer galore(postnominal) consequence, and work until they are replaced, often by children younger than themselves. In March 2003, UN reported that child labor in the diamond mines ask great support. (Roberts NP)With the end of civil war in Angola, Sierra Leone, and Zimbabwe, the nations should have continued to greater economic development. Years of peace had almost threefold the diamond production in Angola while the annual diamond financial contributions to government tripled. The communities near the mining sites in Angola struggles to survive with little govern ment spending. A report from Partnership Africa Canada in 2007 reported that there was no public schools, irrigate supply systems, or health clinics. Road were sunk and agriculture did non exist. In Congo, half of their foreign exchange earning are from the export of diamonds, however from the 700,00 people that mine, the majority of them are unregistered. President Siaka Stevens morose the diamond industry into his personal preserve in the 1970s. He had a whole system with Lebanese dealers and local concernrs. In 1994 the RUF overran bauxite and titanium mines, cutting the government from its last reliable source of income. Sankoh had control of a large part of the diamond fields. (Meredith 565) The RUF has profited about $25-125 million per year by delivering the stones into the worlds diamond market. (Campbell XXII) The mines in Africa produced about $300 million per year. But because the diamond fields were in the hand of private entrepreneurs who smuggle it out of the coun try, the government makes only a small income.Diamond mining has wreaked environmental havoc end-to-end African countries and around the world. There is a lack of control and regulations of the mining system that the environment is neglected. The landscape has completely altered because the pits dug have not been refilled once mining in that area is over. Topsoil is not preserved which is needed to re-deposite on reclaimed land so that vegetation can be planted. (The Environmental Literacy Council) The diamond mining also relates to cypher uses, which emissions contribute to global climate change. With the ninety years of environmental misuse in Angola, large tracts of land have been devastated. The local water is poisoned and native populations are forced to relocate. Abandon mining pits are full of water that is mosquito infested. The pits are left opened and unmanaged to runoff into rivers and streams.The UN Security Council has established the United Nations Mission in Sierr a Leone (UNAMSIL) consisting of 17,500 peacekeeping promenades, notably without any U.S troop involvement. When RUF leader Sankoh was arrested, he was replaced with Issa Sesay. The RUF made efforts of demoblization in May 2001 by release hundreds of abducted children. However RUF broke apart and on November 2002 cease-fire was signed. UNAMSIL was deployed and in January 2002, the war was declared over. (Meredith 114) The UN Security Council on July 2000, voted to impose a ban on diamonds from Sierra Leone, the same as that of Angola the previous year. And in 2001, diamond exports from Liberia was enforce sanction from the Council. Finally after public outcry, the Kimberley Process was created in 2003 to name the problem of the blood diamonds funding violent civil wars. The Kimberley Process is an international certification system that has established standards for countries to pledge the yield of importation and exporting of these diamonds. It included representatives of sevent y-one of the worlds dominant diamond producing countries. (Roberts NP) This system tracks the route of a diamond, from the mine all the way to the retail shop attempting to avoid the trade these tainted diamonds. With this new precaution, the quantity of blood diamonds in the market bring down to 1% in 2007. However despite the Kimberley Process, conflict areas such as Cte dIvoire continue to use diamonds to fund violence. The Kimberley Process hasnt been happy in overseeing human rights abuses. Currently it even so ignores cutting and polishing centers as an entranceway for blood diamonds to enter the general circulation of diamonds into the market. (NP) According to Global interpret a humans rights group, inadequate government regulations over factories enable illicit diamonds to slide into legitimate channels of trade. Global Witness, who had lobbied for the establishment of the Kimberley Process, admitted that the system was not sufficed. Many others also question the effect iveness of these protocols. According to Amnesty International, government controls in the United States and in other countries are not strong enough or enforced effectively to stop rebel groups from exploiting diamonds to fuel conflict. (Nyathi NP) In June 2009, Namibia hosted a conference of officials of the diamond producing countries to review the Kimberly Process.In middle 2009, the Kimberley Process ordered a review mission Zimbabwe. This investigation sustain that Zimbabwe was executing non-compliance with the Kimberley Process standards. (Dugger NP) It was recommended that Zimbabwe be suspended from the scheme to prevent Zimbabwe from legally exporting blood diamonds. Despite the fact, Zimbabwe has not been suspended from the faction and its diamonds tranquilize continue to sneak into the worlds supply of diamonds. In August 2009, the Kimberly Process conducted a mission to Angola, the latest one being in 2005. (NP) Investigators discovered many accounts of rape and bruta lity against miners from nearby countries. Human right groups uncovered that many violations especially to many immigrants. (NP) These conditions demonstrate that the Kimberly Process is inadequate and isnt doing its job to prevent the abuses in the international diamond trade, as well as cooperation from the governments to supply ship out diamond-related violence. In 1998 sanctions were put in place to ban the trade of Angolan diamonds. However it has since been lifted and small scale miners continue to work inhuman circumstances under the control of private security firms who are hired by large diamond trading companies. Rafael Marques, an Angolan journalist documented the cases of torture, sexual abuses, and assassinations on just one mining site in Lundas. Amnesty International reports extreme rights violations by soldiers and police in the diamond mines. The United States is currently working on the legislation for the light(a) Diamond Act to eliminate the conflict diamonds from its markets. This act bans any diamonds that come from an unknown origin. However the main reason why there is still a problem is because of the structure of the diamond industry. De Beers still control majority of the market and they dont have incentive to regard this issue of these stones, because blood diamonds are such a small portion of the worldwide diamond sales. As illustrated above with the atrocities that have occurred in Sierra Leone and other African countries, it is limpid that action still needs to be immediately taken to once and for all eliminate the stones causing all these deaths and destructions. Chairman of the Sierra Leone impanel of Experts, Martin Chungong Ayafor said, Diamonds are forever it is often said. But lives are not. We must mere(a) people the ordeal of war, mutilations, and death for the sake of conflict diamonds. Dramatic solutions need to be made now in order to stop this material trend.Ways to fully stop blood diamonds in its tract is to have a well-structured certificate of origin regime to ensure that only legitimate diamonds are being traded. There needs to be additional controls by Member States and the industry to guarantee that the regime is enforced. Including with the standardization of the certificated would be monitoring of the regime and legislations against those who fail to adopt. There needs to be a combined effort from the government, inter-governmental and non-governmental organizations, arms manufacturers, diamond traders, and diamond customers. They need to demand a strict enforcement of sanctions, and to encourage real lasting peace. By no longer purchasing these gems, it would be cutting off sources of funding for the rebel groups and eventually ending the cycle and promoting lasting harmony.