Drug Court Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Drug Court Systems - Essay moralDrug practices require specialized treatment and focused undeterred attention the traditional judicial formations but emphasized to the extent of guilt and determination of sanctions not the root cause of addiction and its ramifications, the judges undeniable specialized training to recognize special areas of supervision and monitoring of do drugs addicts. But most of each(prenominal) the traditional disposition process was unable to handle the caseload of the rapidly increasing drug cases and was getting more than and more exhausted and overcrowded hence, unable to provide for permanent or long term solutions, in localize to fill the gap for a strategic judicial system, purely dedicated to individual participants caught with charges for drug colligate felonies and misdemeanors, specialized drug acts came into being. The drug courts main goal was not just penalization but to reform and rehabilitate drug offenders and, eventu every last(predic ate)y make them drug-free. The Drug court is a problem-solving court or, a specialized system-based approach to eradicate crimes related to drug and substance abuse. The drug court system represents the correlated, homogenized and organized efforts of judicial experts and treatment professionals to interpose and break the cycle of substance misuse and all sorts of crimes related to drug abuse and addiction. ... All this led to the urgent need and expansive growth of drug courts. Drug Court model in American judicial structure Drug courts showed phenomenal growth, have the hopes of re-habilitation and incentives coupled with the promise of punishment. The drug model requires individuals arrested on drug charges to attend training and regularly plan court hearings and undergo periodical drug tests. An expert system of graduated sanctions, rewards participants for compliance and punishes them for non-compliance. (Whiteacre, 2008) After period the participants may have their charges reduced or dropped. Although models for various drug courts depend upon their target population, resources and evaluation techniques they lead a general criterion such as Crime assessment and offender identification, judicial interaction and case management, monitoring procedures such as drug testing and supervision while on probation, tourist court procedures and eventually graduating sanctions, reward incentives or vice versa, providing ancillary treatment and services such as, mental wellness improvement, Stress and trauma related family therapy and vocational training, improved skills and over all enhancement of the quality of life. In 1989, the first adult drug treatment court opened in Dade County, Miami (Florida), in America. More than 800 adults, teen and tribal courts have been operating across the United States of America since then and the popularity and numbers keeps growing. (Nolan, 2003) between 1991 and 1993, approximately 20 jurisdictions across America implemen ted drug courts. The drug court model received great public acclaim and support, and large scale positive media coverage on local and national levels.

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 24

Summary - Essay ExampleLake opposes this misperception, as he asserts that Herring did non cut Jordan to underestimate him and to choose a taller player only, but because he and his staff knew that Jordan needs pass on preparation. Instead of being an unfair coach, Lake shows Herring as a real person with real contributions to, not only Jordans growth as a basketball player, but as a person, and a real person with his own challenges, and not just someone who consciously failed to see Jordans greatness.Lake introduces the hardships of choosing who take a craps to be varsity players and how Herring follows objective criteria in the option process, contrary to what Jordan and many others believe. Lake goes back a fiddling more than three decades ago to the place where the infamous cutting occurred. He describes the anxiety that grips adolescents who merely penury to prove their basketball worth and to hone themselves better as varsity players. After that, he illustrates the conf ormation of man that devour is. He is called Pop because he is more than a basketball coach. He acted more standardised a father in how he trains his players every day and how he welcomes them to his house like family. Lake zooms into the actual tryout date, emphasizing the difference between Mike, Michael Jordans high school nickname, then and forthwith in terms of height and basketball skills. He underlines that Mike is as competitive as he is now as he was in his youth, but he was an average shooter during the tryouts. Lake also explains that the selection process is objective, where a group of coaches compares notes before everything is finalized. He emphasizes that Jordan was a sophomore then and sophomores rarely get chosen for the senior varsity list, and that, in opposite to what many people, including Jordan himself, believed, Mike did get to the jayvee (junior) roster list. Lake proves that Pop

Issues in Contemporary Management-Critical Discussion of Management Essay

Issues in Contemporary Management-Critical Discussion of Management Processes, Ethics, and Globalization - Essay Examplee giant outlet commanding 31% of the total market turnover has been the recent victim of worldly concern chiding after revelations that since it began operations in the country, it had been avoiding tax renderments to authorities, just now paying 8.6 million despite generating 3 billion in revenues. Tax avoidance is an ethical love as well as a national and global issue for a company that has its operations in many countries such as Starbucks.For close to 15 years, the coffee giant in the United Kingdom had been avoiding remitting taxes by reporting deviationes, only reporting profits in a single year. The company has been in operation in the country since the year 1998, with 700 outlets. There are various reasons why companies pay taxes to the authorities. While it is a legal engagement of the company, it is an ethical issue of portraying a good corporate i mage for the company (Rosser, Murray, 2010, p. 21). Closure of tune is imminent by the authorities if the company is found to have evaded tax. Although it is legal to avoid paying taxes, criticism and loss of business for the company is quite possible in case the exoteric decides not leverage products by the company.When David Cameron revealed to the public that Starbucks had not been paying taxes for the 15 years it had operated in the country, angry protestors demonstrated outdoors its outlets accusing the company being un-loyal to the country. Regardless of its origin being in America, the public expects the company to pay taxes to the UK authorities. To the public, any company should undertake this ethical practice so long as they buy their products. Starbucks risks loss of business from the public by failure to pay taxes. Physical demonstrations could turn to economic to the extent of the public choosing not to purchase the products.Governments are keen in payment of taxes b y the companies operating in their jurisdictions (Great Britain, 2011, p. 14). The issue of Starbucks became a political problem to the point of

Nature and Causes of the Declining Political Participation in the Research Paper

Nature and Causes of the Declining Political Participation in the United States - question Paper Example2008). Ultimately, numerous people think that the government is not functioning in a useful way in society and fails to grant authority for the system they resist by victorious part in it. A Brief History of U.S. Political Participation Historically, the United States has the lowest ranks of semi policy-making troth, as determined by voter turnouts, of any leading industrial democracy. The United States is ranked to a lower place otherwise highly industrialized democratic countries, excluding Switzerland, a country known for its steady electioneering and repudiation, until in upstart times, to grant women suffrage rights, in cross-country turnout. G. Bingham Powell Jr. (1986 as cited in Crotty 1991), evaluating trends of policy-making affair across 19 young democratic countries, assumed that voter turnout in the United States is gravely moderate by its institutional co nflict the U.S. was disadvantaged by voluntary registration, unevenly competitive electoral districts, and truly weak linkages (perceptual and organizational) between parties and social groups (pp. 25-26). Powell (1986 as cited in Crotty 1991) concludes that party system and institutional variables bleak pass turnout and registration processes, primary causes of the low ranking of the United States in terms of political amour compared to other countries. Robert W. Jackman, in a similar study of levels of political participation in 19 modern democratic nations, although opposing Powell over the function of the political traditions of a country in influencing the political participation rates, stresses the role of political institutions, such as electoral guidelines, political... Historically, the United States has the lowest ranks of political participation, as determined by voter turnouts, of any leading industrial democracy. The United States is ranked below other highly indust rialized democratic countries, excluding Switzerland, a country known for its steady electioneering and repudiation, until in recent times, to grant women suffrage rights, in cross-country turnout. G. Bingham Powell Jr. (1986 as cited in Crotty 1991), evaluating trends of political participation across 19 modern democratic countries, assumed that voter turnout in the United States is severely inhibited by its institutional conflict the U.S. was disadvantaged by voluntary registration, unevenly competitive electoral districts, and very weak linkages (perceptual and organizational) between parties and social groups (pp. 25-26). Powell (1986 as cited in Crotty 1991) concludes that party system and institutional variables slow down turnout and registration processes, primary causes of the low ranking of the United States in terms of political participation compared to other countries. Robert W. Jackman, in a similar study of levels of political participation in 19 modern democratic nati ons, although opposing Powell over the function of the political traditions of a country in influencing the political participation rates, stresses the role of political institutions, such as electoral guidelines, political parties, and national electoral districts, in forming electorates (Ramakrishnan 2005).

Healthy Snacks Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Healthy Snacks - Assignment ExampleApart from that, the info that was stored in the establishments was non available on timely basis which resulted in incorrect information closely faulty recognise prices. Another problem that can be identified in the gross gross sales process of Healthy Snacks was that it was spare-time activity a very long sales process that eventually created certain errors. The sales squad of the corporation delivered handwritten quotation to the customers and was indulged in making faxes of the duplicate copy of the quotation to the sales office. This process was implant to be quite lengthy and was bound to create a lot of confusion. speckle filling of regulates, the force has also been found to be very complex as in that location were tendencies of mishandling the products at the time of order filing from the warehouses. After acquiring a brief idea about the problems that afford been observed about the way the sales force of Healthy Snacks curr ently takes and fills an order, it can be substantiate that it is quite inwrought to improve the overall information sharing system of the union as there laid some(prenominal) problems associated with the existing information system. The existing information system which was currently being prevail within the association tends to affect the overall sales of the company by a considerable level. The outmatch management team of the company can either simplify the information process by creating a single information system that can be connected with all the department of HS or succeed as wholesome as execute the approach of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in smudge of the existing system for boosting its sales and thus earn significant profits. It is highly recommendable to the top management of the company to implement ERP... The sales team of the company delivered handwritten quotation to the customers and was indulged in making faxes of the duplicate copy of the quotatio n to the sales office. This process was found to be quite lengthy and was bound to create a lot of confusion. While filling of orders, the procedure has also been found to be very complex as there were tendencies of mishandling the products at the time of order filing from the warehouses.After acquiring a brief idea about the problems that have been observed about the way the sales force of Healthy Snacks currently takes and fills an order, it can be affirmed that it is quite essential to improve the overall information sharing system of the company as there laid several problems associated with the existing information system. The existing information system which was currently being prevailing within the company tends to affect the overall sales of the company by a considerable level. The top management team of the company can either simplify the information process by creating a single information system that can be connected with all the department of HS or adopt as well as exec ute the approach of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in place of the existing system for boosting its sales and thus earn significant profits. It is highly recommendable to the top management of the company to implement ERP as it is regarded as one of the most efficient software programs that most of the company uses.

The Economics of Education & Financing Education Adequately - Case Essay

The Economics of Education & Financing Education Adequately - crusade Study 6 - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, individuals with Bachelors Degree was reported to add-on from 6.6% in 1990 census to 9.3% based on 2005-2009 survey (TACIR, 2012a, p. 13). Furthermore, the fact that the rate of drop out fall from 13.4% amid 1998-1999 to 1.3% between 2008-2009 shows a good sign of educational improvement (p. 16).To improve the education schema in Fentress County, its local anesthetic government officials allocated US$12,000 for K-12 new condition construction, US$7,125 on school system-wide need, US$5,000 for non K-12 education, US$2,925 for existing school improvements, and US$400 for librairies, museums, and historical sites (TACIR, 2012a, p. 12).Putnam County had 9.7% unemployment rate as of June 2011 (TACIR, 2012b, p. 8). As of fiscal yr 2010, the total revenue received by the Putnam County is US$144,086. Coming from the State government, Putnam County received US$39,451 (27.4%) f or overt schools and US$6,044 (4.2%) for other necessities. Aside from receiving US$14,367 from the Federal revenue, Putnam County collected US$35,426 (24.6%) from property tax, US$29,445 (20.4%) from local sales tax, and US$19,352 (13.4%) from other local taxes (p. 11).Based on 2005-2009 survey, individuals with high school diploma is composed of 79.0% of its total population as compared to 63.2% based on 1990 census. On the other hand, individuals with Bachelors Degree was reported to increase from 16.8% in 1990 census to 21.7% based on 2005-2009 survey (TACIR, 2012b, p. 13). Furthermore, the fact that the rate of drop out decreased from 15.8% between 1998-1999 to 10.8% between 2008-2009 shows a good sign of educational improvement (p. 16).To improve the education system in Putnam County, its local government officials allocated US$47,400 for K-12 new school construction, US$153,560 for non K-12 education, US$43,828 for existing school improvements, and US$871 for

Effectiveness of Counterinsurgency Efforts Employed Against FARC, ELN, Research Paper

durability of Counterinsurgency Efforts Employed Against FARC, ELN, and AUC. Colombian and Peruvian Guerilla Groups - Research Paper ExampleFor the purpose of this analysis, the look into has been conducted from a range of qualitative secondary sources which contract helped to shed light on the extent to which the governments of Peru and Colombia devour successfully prosecuted their respective peace treaty wars. Secondly, the research hesitancy centers on the overall effectiveness of how these counterinsurgency struggles give way been organized, implemented, and the last result of the aforementioned practices. Success is therefore easily determined based upon answering the question regarding whether the counterinsurgency efforts have been effective in either A) encouraging the insurrectionists to lay down their weapons and join the political cover B) have resulted in a complete and total defeat of the insurgency or C) have had comminuted effect and the insurgency is ongoin g unabated. As such the research question can be answered by examining the current tactical and/or political situation posed by each of the insurgent groups that give be discussed in this paper.The case of ELN is crotchety for a number of reasons. First, the ELN is one of the few freedom fighter movements that was fought and defeat during the tumultuous battles that were ongoing within the continent between plunk forers of left and right at the time. Second, the ELN was unique in that it chose to work outside the framework of politics choosing instead to espouse the Cuban revolutionaries beliefs that first comes body process then(prenominal) the party. ... Secondly, the research question centers on the overall effectiveness of how these counterinsurgency struggles have been organized, implemented, and the end result of the aforementioned practices. Success is therefore easily determined based upon answering the question regarding whether the counterinsurgency efforts have bee n effective in either A) encouraging the insurgents to lay down their weapons and join the political process B) have resulted in a complete and total defeat of the insurgency or C) have had little effect and the insurgency is ongoing unabated. As such the research question can be answered by examining the current tactical and/or political situation posed by each of the insurgent groups that will be discussed in this paper. ELN - Ejercito de Liberacion Nacional The case of ELN is unique for a number of reasons. First, the ELN is one of the few guerilla movements that was fought and defeated during the tumultuous battles that were ongoing within the continent between supporters of left and right at the time. Second, the ELN was unique in that it chose to work outside the framework of politics choosing instead to espouse the Cuban revolutionaries beliefs that first comes action then the party. In this way, ELN relinquished any and all claims to legitimacy it might have claimed with re spect to the political process. Further, by distancing themselves from politics in such a manner, they effectively cut themselves off from all support and aid they might have received within their own country instead, they were forced to rely on resupply and technical/tactical support from fellow communist sympathizers (usually from nations such as

Comparative Aanalysis of Dell And Apple Laptop Marketing Essay

Comparative Aanalysis of Dell And apple Laptop Marketing - Essay ExampleApples brand personality is about removing complexity from consumer lifestyle through technology and the humanistic presidency structure of Apple as a consumer-centric brand. 2. Market review Apple is much more aboveboard and accountable for its failures and successes associated with tangible product as part of the commercializeing mix. Apple performs what is referred to as movement marketing, a new marketing model that is strongly customer-centric, using corporate values as a understructure of sharing with consumers and being able to tap into their pre-existing values and lifestyle beliefs. Apple embraces social media as one platform by which to perform this movement marketing, using this forum to enhance customer race management and also to consistently reiterate what Apple believes in rather than simply expressing to target consumers the tangible benefits of various laptop products. This is the genuine key to brand loyalty (Goodson 2011). Making use of social media, much(prenominal) as Twitter and Facebook, provides Apple with unique opportunities to illustrate its belief in establishing effective, long-term customer relationships in key target demographics. Having established brand loyalty founded on years of consumer-accepted innovation launches that revolutionized the computing make and with strict focus on customer relationship management philosophy. This provides Apple signifi crowd outt advantages over competition as once brand loyalty is established, it allows companies to limit the brand under a premium set model (Chaudhuri and Holbrook 2001). Loyal customers are more apt to spend higher resources on their favourite brands and entrust be more active... This paper stresses that using values and principles at the corporate level as a promotional tool is unique in this technology industry and continues to provide greater sales volumes and the superpower to expand vari ous Apple branded product lines to include new innovation or supplemental service offerings. The report makes a conclusion that Dell must accept its current market position as a value-conscious brand that is aligned with consumer expectations for quality and excellence in service and support as it cannot justify premiumisation at this time. Dell unfortunately must rely on costly promotional ventures in order to produce greater revenues, however these efforts continue to put Dell back on the proverbial competitive map as a brand that can adjust with consumer needs and changing market conditions. The author of the paper declares that Apple gains much market loyalty and positive brand sentiment in its key target markets by extolling genuine, heartfelt connections between business and consumer which leads to brand attachments and avoids the risk of brand abandonment in dedicated target markets. Dell is missing opportunities to add a humanistic element into the marketing mix that can b e accomplished, at low cost, through social media outlets. Apple, on the other hand, can benefit from Dells customization strategy, offering similar customized offerings based on aesthetics. Apple is currently severalize from lower-priced competitors such as Dell.

Media Analysis Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media digest Assignment - Essay ExampleThis symbolizes the idea that the later generations of the first generation immigrants who made America their denture during the early part of the twentieth century, have become an integral part of the culture of this continent. In unproblematic words it means that these later generations have become completely Americanized by losing their give cultural identity, thusly adding to the cultural pot where all cultures simply melt away to produce a mash called the American culture. However, a closer look will reveal that it is not so as the fabrication claims. Indeed, America is more about the co-existence of different cultures that are each vitally alive in their own identities. Here we will review and analyze the movie Crash, and see the different underlying racial discriminations that are often existent in real life America. This movie portrays the co-existence of many cultures from different split of the world living in America, and tries to show the tensions between them, and how they judge each other and form assumptions. In real sense this movie does a commendable job in bursting the figment of the so called prominent American cultural melting pot.There are two very distinct stances to the myth of this cultural melting pot. One part signifies that all are welcome in this country, no matter of being rich, poor, black, white or brown. Everyone is welcome to take a part in the grand American dream of prosperity and freedom, and be a part of the single cultural identity that is called Americanism. The other side is much darker, that which with the help of this myth attempts to extenuate the presence of racial discrimination and bigotry. It simply tries to portray racism and intolerance as a passing phase as the minority immigrants adjust in this sunrise(prenominal) country. This is evident in a magazine article that in 1875 said the fusing process goes on as in a blast-furnace

Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior of School Teachers towards Healthy Research Paper

Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior of School Teachers towards Healthy Eating, in Dubai, UAE - Research Paper ExampleThirdly, the study was cogitate on outlining some of the implications caused by inadequate knowledge among educators. The information will offer a coup doeil into necessary preventive steps and measures necessary for teachers towards when working towards creating a safe and healthy environment for learners.A healthy society is a society that invests in the health of its generation. Due to this, it is a critical side to ensure that the society puts in place workable measures that will promote the healthy development of the children. Children who do not develop in a healthy manner tend to face difficulties later in life (Wang, Monteiro, & Popkin, 2002). As a result, the entire society suffers. It is for this reason that this study sought to investigate and provide solutions to some of the ch everyenges teachers face when providing information on health risks facing chil dren. The researcher made it possible for all the teachers to have a clear understanding of how the value of knowledge among teachers and how it is necessary in fostering learning. It is decisive to study and come up with significant shipway to ensure that teacher have the right equipment for promoting childrens health.Conducting a study is one of the most important aspects of dealing with an issue. In this case, the researcher sought to lay out out some of the problems and challenges facing the entire society. Through the study, it is quite evident that teachers in primary schools fill adequate information on healthy living. The research findings give a glimpse of some of the ways that teachers can use in promoting healthy living among children. Due to this, the study is unique in that it focuses on teachers and not just the students. Furthermore, it provides insights into some of the problems facing health educators related to knowledge. It goes a step further and provides insi ghts on how the society can empower the teachers. It is worth noting that providing information is

Project 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

forcing out 3 - Essay ExampleIn instance the tenant restoration whatsoever property in spite of appearance the apartment, the law provides that it should be tabulated and written down. In case the landlord has any intentions to withhold, the security amount, the selfsame(prenominal) should be communicated to in advance.On the other hand, the tenant has certain rights within the frame work of law. Sec 8-211 provides that the tenant could pip repairs and deduct the commensurate amount from the rent. On the other hand, the landlord has a duty to mitigate the effects of the damages through initiatives such as re renting the premises.The law provides that in cases where the rental in headland is one of 1 year, a three months notice should be given. There is however, an exception in case of farm tenancies that run for 6 months. In case the tenants- landlord agreement is a month to month, there should be one month notice.It is now proper to turn to instances where there is breach o r violation of lease agreement, Sec 402.1(a)(1) provides that eviction notice should be given 30 days. However, in cases where the tenant poses a outstanding danger it should be given 14 days.The landlord has the obligation of abiding by the laws when terminating the lease agreement. In this respect, the landlord is interdict by the law to take possession of the leased property unless within the confines of the law. On the same note the landlord can only take possession of the tenants property only in case the tenant does not give legal notice on exit.Before the tenants enter any premise, the landlord has the duty to disclose all the relevant information. Within such information should be the right of the tenants, the landlords right to inspect the premises. Within such information should also be the person whom the landlord may steer to act on their behalf.Based on the above provisions, it is now in order to discuss the matters that subsume to the case above. It is evident

Theories of development and how they have ifluenced current practice Essay

Theories of development and how they have ifluenced afoot(predicate) practice - Essay physical exerciseThese theories include Behavioral Theories Cognitive Theories Psychoanalytical Theories Humanist Theories Personality Theories Operant Conditioning Theories Below in that location is a little discussion on some of these theories and thithers impact on the current practices of psychology. Psychoanalytical Theory This opening implies the efforts of psychoanalysts who work according to this theory, major researchers whose work is signifi throw outt in this theory include Sigmund Freud, Melanie Klein and Jacques Lacan, and others include fanon and Al soser. At large these theories address cultures rather than individuals. These analysts usually observe the communities and analyze the factors and the heathen diversities which are affecting these communities. At times, the patient is not willing to share the information with the psychologist so in that case, further treatment can be res assureed so psychologist should come to the level of transference with the patient which is a condition in which patient starts to take the service provider as one of his family division so the therapist should minimize the gap between resistance and the transference as it will alleviate him to resolve the problem of the client. Sigmund Freud was the first renowned person in the field of psychoanalysis, most of his theories appeared unacceptable at the start of the19th century but now most of these theories are accepted worldwide in psychology. ahead his time even, there were therapist who believed in unconscious mental activity but he was the lead up who clearly explained the importance of unconscious mental activity. He was of the view that both abnormal as hale as normal behavior was controlled by unconscious activity and the past events of the patient affect the typify behavior of the client. At the beginning, his ideas faced criticism but he firmly believed in those ideas and now a days, his ideology forms the basis of psychoanalysis. Most of the psychoanalysts believe that psychoanalysis is the most significant parameter which can pee an insight of the human mind and by having the knowledge of oneself patients can relieve themselves from their illnesses and can built square human relationships. Nowadays psychoanalysis is useful in following practices It is a technique which is used to train the professionals. It is a scientific method which is used as a tool for critical appreciation which can be useful in studying the individuals as well as their lifes scenarios. It is the important theory in the clinical psychology. It can be a part of therapeutic intervention for the prudence of neurosis. This theory laid the foundation of the thought that one should be open to accept new techniques and principles in the field of psychology. Cognitive Theory Cognitive theory basically stands on the concept of perception, according to cognitive theory hu man thoughts are the determinant of human emotions as well as behavior thus affecting the personality in the end. Most of the followers of this school of thought are of the view that if there are no thoughts then there would be neither any emotions nor any behavioral implications so thoughts can be considered as a building block of any emotional process. This theory acquired financial aid in the 80s and 90s and since then a lot of literature has been create verbally on this principle emphasizing the need to modify

American Government and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

American Government and Politics - Essay ExampleThese commissions were responsible for weighing and assessing the policies formed by politicians before proposing or opposing them based on the existing human rights. They used a laid procedure for business to promote reconciliation between different parties, opinions present with the country. Politicians during reconstruction, ensured that the policies they formulated were in accordance and protected the mixed rights of individuals regardless of the race, gender of class of the citizens living within the country. The implications of the control over the criminal rights within a democracy was that it raised hopes of citizens, since as they existed to protect the citizens against such things like poverished political possibilities that had occurred before the process of reconstruction (F mavinr, 2009). In addition, it brought to an end the impoverished political possibilities that had been witnessed by citizens at an earlier date befor e reconstruction. An case is that citizens were at the mercy of impoverished political possibilities during the cold war and this made them to pass through unknown quantity misery and sufferings. Question 2 As the Commander of the Continental Army, George Washington was a classic display case of a bureaucratic actor. Like many members of the bureaucratism, Washington had to proportion the requirements of his job with the political concerns of his bosses in Congress. contend how Washington was able to successfully manage these competing concerns, while maintaining both the support of his men as salutary as the support of Congress. What does his experience suggest about the relationship between politics and the functioning of the bureaucracy more generally? 250 words It was not easy for George Washington to accept the appointment being that he just came from managing his family plantation and serving in the Virginia house of bourgeoisies when he was voted by the second continent al congress. With the notch of the role of commander in chief of the continental army and having accepted, it was difficult to accept and had to write to his married woman to tell the story. He managed to succeed in satisfying both interests because they had faith in him as a friend in the bureaucratic bourgeoisies and as a member of the congress. Similarly, the successful battles he had for the American on a lower floor his command gave him respect from the members of congress hence did not get much pressure from them. Because of this, he maintain his interest with them leading to his successful resignation. Through his relationship with both bureaucratic and the congress, he was able to balance the competing concerns as he knew of how to go about them in every aspect as they arose (Ward 100). His experiences have a lot of suggestion as politics in related to bureaucracy. They both related because in for each one of them comes with influence. Bureaucrats and politicians looks f or certain aspects in which they can use towards influencing the mass to give them support. This may imply that even if one goes wrong in the political or bureaucratic arena, one will still get support. As a result, Washington was able to serve both interests in order to remain relevant to the slew he worked with. Question 3 The issues surrounding the relationship between congressional representatives and their constituents are overspending. Majority of the representatives were apply public constituency finances to make themselves rich

Personal Development Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Personal Development Planning - Essay ExampleOne has to adopt the right strategies towards reaching that career. One has to attend training and learn all the different perspectives and requirements needed to prosecute and succeed in that career. Schooling is an classic step that make some understand the historical, current as well as future trends in a certain career (Duffy, 2006, p. 55-7). This way, one and only(a) is able to shape and his realign his dreams and find the much-needed motivation to pursue the dream to accomplishment.Mentorship plays an important role in enabling one to create important goals and objectives, and plan on methods to pursue them. The attainment of particular set goals and objectives should always surface way for one to set other goals that are much advanced from the previous goals. A computable career provides a reliable and favourable opportunity for a person to actualize his dream. In nightspot to ascertain whether your dreams are being met, it is important o have a plan upon which one plunder always confirm about the particular progress. This plan is usually referred to as a personal tuition plan it usually guides one into achievement of the specific set targets in the line of career and other related aspects.I have chosen to pursue a career in world relations, an eye socket that mostly requires spreading of information between an individual or organisation and the public. Public relations is an important practice in business organizations, public and private institutions as well as the public sector. In the career, a practitioner has to gain necessary and reliable exposure to their targeted audience using topics of public rice beer and different news items that may not necessarily require direct payment.In a association and other business related practices, public relations is aimed at passing information that is aimed at persuading public investors, partners, employees as well as other stakeholders to maintain a certain perspective about its

Chemistry Essay 4 Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chemistry Essay 4 - Lab Report ExampleHowever, they are non educated on the required limit of intake and over consciousness might cause them to obtain vitamin imbalances detrimental for the body. Recently, an enlarge in the number of fatalities has been recorded because of the presence of a particular natural adjunct called ephedra in the dietary products in USA. (OMeara, 2003). Intake of such supplements may cause an individual to rail heart attacks, coronary diseases and hormonal imbalances. Not only this, there are drug producers that intend to increase their sale by presenting the drugs in disguise of the vitamin tablets. They deem it an appropriate way to confidently advertise their drug without being criticized for its negative impact on the users. There are supplements that cause addiction, and their validity is highly questionable. In such circumstances, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) should regulate public access code to such harmful so-called nutritious s upplements in an attempt to combat the drug producing companies in this field.In addition to the free public access to dietary supplements, there are other issues that need to be done something about. One of such issues is the movement of people to get the medicines they require imported from other countries in an attempt to escape the check of local anesthetic DEA that might have scrutinized them given the bad health effects of the medication. In other cases, people select to import the medicines prescribed by their doctor simply because they may be cheaper as compared to their price in their own region. For example, many Americans prefer purchasing medicines from Canada because the rates are much lower in the last mentioned than in the former. There are many evils associated with such a practice. First of all, medicines available in the stores in local region complete their life and expire before a patient buys them because many

Film Marketing Marketing Campaign on the film 300 (2006) written and Essay

Film Marketing Marketing Campaign on the take away three hundred (2006) written and directed by Zack Snyder - Essay ExampleThe story narrates how Spartan great power Leonidas and 300 Spartans fight to the last homophile against Persian King Xerxes and his army of over one million soldiers, opus in Sparta, Queen Gorgo attempts to rally support for her husband. A voice-over narrative by the Spartan soldier Dilios frames the story. discordant fantastical creatures display in the electronic three D motion picture waves that attracted the spectators worldwide. The story traces fend for the historic element when in 480 BC, King Leonidas of Sparta gathers three hundred of his best men to fight the future Persian invasion almost in a suicide mission. Their allies plan to stop King Xerxes invasion of Greece at the narrow cliffs of the Hot Gates Thermopylae. The terrain prevents the Greeks from being overwhelmed by Xerxes superior numbers. Ephialtes, a twisted Spartan, begs Leonidas t o let him fight merely is rejected due to his hunchbacked form before the battle starts, which prevents him from lifting his protection high enough for the phalanx. The Spartans and their allies successfully hold off the Persians for two days and nights. During a profane in the fighting, Xerxes meets with Leonidas and offers wealth and power in exchange for his surrender. Leonidas declines and battle continues. In his depression, Ephialtes betrays the Greeks by telling the Persians near the existence of a small pass that allows Xerxes to attack them from behind. Learning of the Persian maneuvers, the Greeks realize their position is indefensible, but the Spartans and a few others refuse to retreat. On the third day Xerxes has the Spartans surrounded their remaining allies Thespians already dead. He gives Leonidas one final chance to surrender and kneel to him. After some hesitation, Leonidas finally complies and throws consecrate his arms. This, however, turns out to be a ruse and Leonidas throws his spear at Xerxes, intending to kill. However, he only wounds his face. They killed Spartans to the last man by arrows. The story then shifts about a year later and ends as now-Captain Dilios relates the heroic contribute of Leonidas and his Spartan comrades to his troops before the Battle of Plataea. Miller, in the letters page of the original series, admits the inaccuracy, and angrily defends it. He insists that the Spartans were not scholars themselves, and that the offending passage was intended to portray the Spartans as hypocrites. The Spartans, he argued, so maligned the Athenians that any Athenian action was worthy of scorn. Miller states that their hypocrisy is a character flaw, but not unrealistic.1. Marketing scheme Information of the postproduction scripts should be released through press meet and literature reviews. Journalist and magazine houses must have request letters to extend their helping hand on the promotionPRODUCTION PROFILE A JOINT VE NTURE OF SEVERAL TALENTS IN THE HUE OF ART AND SCIENTIF CRAFTNunnari and Mark Canton conjointly produced this film 300, and Michael B. Gordon wrote the

Article Analysis on Mate Selection Essay Example for Free

Article Analysis on Mate Selection EssayThe entire hold is establish on evolutionary psychology and the title of the article is Mate Selection criteria A characteristic dynamism assessment take in of trip out differences of Serbia. The entire study examines the predictions from socio-structural perspective and evolutionary on sex differences in the fit selection in Serbia. There were a total of 127 respondents that were taken from Serbia and the respondents were mainly college students. The rule of Likert scale was used and they were questioned about 60 behavioral traits and personality traits. Differences were obtained on the basis of perceived desirably of efficacys, ego pity, fragility, thinnesss and beauty. The males in this study consider these traits as more desirable and the females valued strength of the male positively. Female respondents be more concerned with the physical appearance of their teammates. Similarly, in this study females be also concerned abou t the socio-economic class of males. A publicized approach cannot be used in this study because Serbian people be distinct in their culture.Similarly, in this study both sexes are attracted with each other on different factors like sexual draw, beauty, socio-economic factors etcetera The purpose of the look intoer was to assess the sex differences in Serbia. However the actual opening of this research paper is based on the functionality of mate selection criteria that is based on the perspective of subordinate position of women. The entire research was carried out by Bojan Todosijevic, Snezana Ljubinkovic, and Aleksandra Arancic (Todosijevic, Ljubinkovic, Arancic, 2003).The research was headed by the department of psychology which belongs to the University of Novi. As far as the findings of this research is considered quantitative outline is used in this the entire research to evaluate the findings of this research. Findings of this research depicts that the traits that are assessed are sincerity, tenderness, passion, maturity, intelligence and etc. The desirable traits among both the sexes are courage, thinness, talent for sports, beauty, elegance, aggressiveness and etc.Both the sexes agree on the general ordering of the traits but the research have identifies certain significant differences statistically. Males consider the traits of self-pity, thinness, beauty fearfulness as more desirable and the probability of these traits are less than 0. 1. Findings suggest that men scored quite higher on the former items and the character traits were considered to be more desirable by the females. Discussion of the roots with respect to the articleThe topic of selecting a life time companion and the topic of semblance levels can be related with this research paper (Anderson Sabatelli, 2007). Certain traits are discussed in this research paper and the through different statistical tools the results are evaluated. In both the topics of the text book the trai ts are discussed and both the topics evaluate that effectiveness of traits. The phenomenon of how to select an assume life partner is discussed and what should an individual do when he/she is selecting its soul mate.Similarly, the other topic of comparison levels discusses the comparison levels between the two sexes. In this research paper research is conducted on the traits of males and females and how both of them select their partners based on these traits. The phenomenon of Likert scale is used in the entire research. Conclusion The hypothesis in this research paper was formulated on the basis of evolutionary psychology. The results of this paper depicts that males give more preference to physical attractiveness of their potential mates.On the other hand women consider socio-economic factors like success in job, capability to put one over and wealth related factors as important. The traits that are discussed in this research paper are dependent on culture and it varies with cu lture to culture. All the traits are evaluated in this research and generalized results are attained from the study (Todosijevic, Ljubinkovic, Arancic, 2003). The hypothesis that was derived with higher socio-economic interpretation that was related to women should be considered as less important as compared to the hypothesis on evolutionary psychology.In the entire research paper different traits were evaluated and results were achieved through Likert scales. Before teaching the article one cannot depict that which traits are more important for women and for men and since the entire article dialogue about traits and their effectiveness that is the reason why it becomes quite easy to filter out which traits are indispensable for men and which are important for women. Statistical analyses are used in this article which helps the reader in finding the viability of the results.This article can definitely help an individual in selecting its partner and after reading material this a rticle one can check the traits discussed in this article with the traits that are present in his/her partner or the traits which he/she desires for (Todosijevic, Ljubinkovic, Arancic, 2003).ReferencesAnderson, S. , Sabatelli, R. (2007). Family Interaction A Multigenerational Developmental Perspective. Allyn Bacon. Todosijevic, B. , Ljubinkovic, S. , Arancic, A. (2003). Mate selection criteria A trait desirability assessment study of sex differences in Serbia. University in Novi.

Scarlet and Black Reflection Essay Example for Free

Scarlet and shady Reflection EssayAfter seeing what persona of life he has lived, the priesthood may look sympathetic to many. He is constantly helping mint and getting in and out of trouble. The situations he finds himself in may not necessarily be because he is a priest, but rather because of the type of person he is. Fr. OFlahertys drive and desire to help people makes him a saint to many people. umteen priests probably would not have gone to the extent that Fr. OFlaherty went to in helping the soldiers. He was rigorous to death many times, but continued to fight for freedom. Some parts of this mental picture, to me, seemed over done in the idea that Fr. OFlaherty was some type of superhero. There is no doubt in my mind that he was an awesome person and helped many people, but do I believe that he fought evil ninja priests? non necessarily. The espousal meaning of the body is defined as the ability of the human body, in its masculinity or femininity, to express and r ealize our clapperclaw to a communion of persons through self-giving love. Fr.OFlaherty lives out the spousal meaning of the body by giving himself to the Allied soldiers. The priesthood calls priests to serve the people and to try and live handle Jesus did. Fr. OFlaherty lives out this call in a greater way than most priests would. In his masculinity he is able to take matters into his own hands and protect as many people as possible. Fr. OFlaherty was a real father fig to many people in the film and overly many people who were not shown in the film. He was a prominent father figure to Francesca and her daughters because, much like a father, he was concerned for their well-being and watched out for them.Fr. OFlaherty was also cognize for personally taking care of children whose parent had been killed in the war. So he was very much so a father figure to all people he encountered. Priesthood is solely as masculine call because of the very fact that priests are called to be like Jesus. Jesus was a very strong attraction so the people left to be priests must be strong and masculine too. Priests are also called to live in persona Christi. This literally means in the person of Christ, and it is the act through which a priest pronounces the words of the sacramental rite.Men must do this through Jesus, so it would not be possible for a woman to become Jesus. Women marry Jesus when they become nuns, but priests marry the perform, which is considered, as a whole, to be feminine. Overall I think this movie was very good in demonstrating how the church has had an affect on the world throughout history. They do not simply just sit choke and pray for things to turn out right, but some members of the church (aka Fr. OFlaherty) took action. Fr. OFlaherty is not a prototypical hero, but I think almost every priest would want to live the type of life he did.

Standards and Procedures Essay Example for Free

Standards and Procedures EssayBehaviorAlways conduct yourself in a professional manner. (Inappropriate lyric poem or insinuations exit non be tolerated) Act in best interests of our clients. (Always safeguard our clients information that is not public knowledge.) Foster culture diversity treat others with dignity and respect. (Refrain from criticizing and putting refine fellow employees and customers.) Take causeership of own work and promote opportunity.Follow dress code digest appropriate business casual attire. (Body tattoos and piercings whateverow for be covered at whole times. Please nab telephoner dress code booklet for further description of dress code) Practice integrity and candor in all areas of business. Avoid parting in any activity that could have a damaging effect on attach tos image. Participate in any mandated professional education courses. (Company courses go forth be assigned as needed and employees lead be provided a deadline to complete co urses.) Put freehearted mission above your personal gain.Disclose any practicable conflicts of interest to management which may or may not result in reassignment or termination. (Refrain from partaking in employment in related companies, or engaging in interoffice dating) Encourage other employees to embrace code of ethical motive and report any knowledge of others not adhering to code of ethics. ( Any information provided to management lead remain confidential , retaliation toward origin is prohibited) Accuracy and completenessKeep accurate records, files and books of activities.Maintain friendship standard of 99 percent quality accuracy of work. ( Monthly summary of quality go out be provided based on check of employees work by their direct supervisor) Maintain go with standard of call for production. (Please see production requirements which are based on employees job description) Work scheduled time refrain from partaking in unapproved overtime. (Regular tardiness and unexcused absences will not be tolerated under any circumstances and will be grounds for suspension or termination.) Following acres laws and regulationsDo not engage in any form of Price Fixing, Anti-Trust or Anti Competition. betrothal of gifts and gratuities is prohibited. Adhere to all state ask breaks and timekeeping requirements. Refrain from parting in any activities that might be considered discriminating towards any race gender or religious preferences. Adhere to state sexual agony laws.Ethics Training PlanDesign and DevelopmentManuals will be created which display high societys respectable standards. (WBT) wind vane Based Training courses will be created to provide employees knowledge of the companys good standards in a fun interactive way. Training political platform will include possible ethical situations an employee might find themselves in and how to react in an ethical manner. (WBE) Web Based Exams will be created to check out employees grasp all concepts. PowerPoint presentations will be created and updated often to present possible ethical situations and what the puritanical way to react would be. Webinars will be created several times a year reminding employees how authorised it is to abide by companies ethical standards. Slogans, banners and flyers will be created, displaying companys ethical standards. Monthly company articles will be created displaying the importance of following ethical guidelines.ImplementationFor employees that are initially hired they will undergo Ethics (WBT) Web Based Training Program. They will be provided an Ethics manual to go over and sign stating they read and understand all materiel and agree to abide by companys code of ethics. They will be handed a pamphlet in which to revert second to if they should have any ethical questions on any ethical situations. Finally before beginning their on the job genteelness they will need to pass a web based exam in which they will prove they have grasped the all of companies ethical concepts. For management Because implementation of an ethics broadcast begins with management, it is really important that managers be properly trained to provide our companies employees with proper ethical training. Therefore all managers will be required to also partake in a (WBT) Web Based Training program specifically created for managers of our company who need to understand how important it is that employees lead by example.Managers will be provided with their own ethics manual for which they may revert back to in if they should have any ethical questions on any ethical situations. Managers will be required to attend each year in person training courses on how to encourage proper ethical manner amongst their employees. Finally all Managers will be required to take yearly managers ethics training exam in which they will prove they have grasped all of companys ethical concepts. For all employees All employees will required to undergo Yearly (WBT) We b Based Training programs in order to refresh themselves on the companys ethical standards and to familiarise themselves with updated material.Ethics proficiency testing will always follow WBTs in order to ensure all ethical concepts have been grasped. Management will hold monthly group meetings in which they will present power point presentations displaying possible ethical situations and how to respond in a proper ethical manner. Webinars will be released to all employees several times a year encouraging employees to follow proper ethical standards and reminding them where all information can be found on companies ethical standards. Company will advertise through slogans, banners and flyers reminding employees to follow companys ethical standards.EvaluationManagers will be required to monitor each employees ethical behavior and take immediate action when unethical behavior is exhibited. Employees displaying any type of unethical behavior will be closely monitored and will be prov ided with offset printing a verbal warning, then a written warning followed by termination of employment depending on severity of the situation. Employees exhibiting great Ethical behavior are to be recognized for doing so with a yearly compensation bonus if company should have a strong yearly profit. varaning SystemMonitorAppoint an ethics and compliance officer to do an overview of ethics program. Measure awareness and perceptions of ethics program, procedures and review companys culture. Create and implement an employee satisfaction and recommendation survey for companys ethics program. Observe employees behaviors.Review companies activities.Listening to or review recorded customer service intake calls analyzeSecure commitment of upper management and board of directors. Establish a committee to oversee the ethics audit. Define what is being audited include any areas that are important to an ethical audit. Have documentation with listed measurements of how company is complying wi th required ethical procedures. Do a yearly analysis of companys measurements. Evaluate the companys goals and objectives outline the companys ethical main concerns. Ensure audit processes include the outlooks of all the major stakeholders. Evaluate the compliance program design, arrangement and procedures. Examine whether flowing practices meet legal requirements and company policies and standards. Have all report results verified by an outside source. take into account a report of the final trial run findings to the audit committee and after the report is accepted, it can then be distributed to managers and to the stakeholders.Reporting Misconduct tranquillize employees that any reports of bollix will be kept confidential and that no retaliation will occur. Provide employee with privacy by conducting conversations in a private area. Probe employee for a further explanation of the misconduct and ask if there are any others whom can collaborate their report. Reassure employee th at you will follow-up on this report and provide them with a reasonable timeframe in which you will follow up with them.Review and ameliorate PlanReviewCompare and examine all yearly audits to one another to see if the program is improving. Identify affective and in impelling ethical procedures.Verify the company has a code of ethics that is effective in preventing misconduct. Verify the companys standards and procedures are being dispersed effectively to its employees. Ensure steer management has a system in place to detect ethical issues. Ensure standards and procedures are realistically proficient in identifying and preventing misconduct. Compare and exam all employees for ethical and unethical behavior.ImprovePerform an examination on how company can reduce the risks of misconduct and implement new strategies. Take action against any potential risks that were identified in audit process. If it is determined that that ethical performance is not acceptable, Restructure how auth oritative choices within the company are made. Reward employees who comply with ethics program and punish employees who do not comply. Update codes and ethics yearly in order to ensure that the program is up to date with current laws and regulations.ReferencesFerrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., Ferrell, L. (2009). Business ethics, ethical decision making and cases. (7e, 2009 update ed.). Mason South-Western Cengage Learning.Nick Ciancio (July 2007). The seven pillars of an effective ethics and compliance program. Retrieved from http//www.globalcompliance.com/pdf/the-seven-pillars-of-an-effective-ethics-and compliance-program.pdf.Marsha Glick (July 17, 2000). Twelve steps for designing effective training programs. Retrieved from http//www.techrepublic.com/article/twelve-steps-for-designing-effective-training-programs/5032124.Mark Lamendola (July 1, 1998). Ten Tips For An rough-and-ready Training Program. Retrieved from http//ecmweb.com/content/ten-tips-effective-training-program.

A perspective on charity in the gospel of wealth a book by andrew carnegie Essay Example for Free

A perspective on bounty in the gospel of wealth a book by andrew carnegie EssayAndrew Carnegie, who wrote The credo of Wealth, had a particular trip up on how society should correctly work. He believed that with the wealth of millionaires, that he could recreate society to think of the racy as trustees to provide money to the unworthy. Carnegie gave away about of his capital to projects he thought that benefitted the community. He build oer 2,500 libraries, endowed bity parks, and he even gave money to universities and other foundations he thought would mitigate the race. Although I respect what Carnegie did for our culture, if I were a billionaire, I would pay more attention to the dire need of the brusque beca work I believe that this kind of giving contributes more to the common good.Within the first hardly a(prenominal) paragraphs of The Gospel of Wealth, Carnegie summarizes that throughout time, things have been revolutionized for the break away and have create d a better community for the world, but the business seems to be the proper administration of capital, so that the ties between the rich and pathetic discharge continue in a balanced manner. Because of the wealth administration problem, the gap that has been made between the rich and poor has created a pass on of tension between the two classes. Carnegie noticed, The contrast between the palace of the millionaire and the cottage of the laborer with us to-day measures the substitute which has come with civilization (486). While we humans owe the progress of material conditions to manufacturing and improve manpowerts, it has created a mart for competition. From competition, inequality rises and Carnegie believes only talented men back tooth rise above everyone else and make more capital. However, men who have the talent to make large measuring rods of money can be the benefactors of society. This is where Carnegie notes that if they have a lot of money they dont know what to do with, it can be used for the well-being of the race. Carnegies main focus was to solve the problem of how to administer money for the common good. He believed in back up mankind progress through philanthropy. Carnegie thought of three ways to distribute his surplus money It can be left to the families of the descendants, or it can be bequeathed for public purposes or, finally, it can be administered during their lives by its possessors (489).The amount of poverty in the world is constantly on the rise. While communism was all for equality, it wanted to change human nature. However, Carnegie believed, It is criminal to waste our energies in endeavoring to uproot when all we can profitably or perchance accomplish is to bend the universal tree of humanity a little in the direction most favorable to the production of good fruit under existing circumstances (489). With almost unlimited wealth, Carnegie can be seen as generous because he built many libraries. However, the conditions he created for his histrions were not ideal. In an article, Was Andrew Carnegie free-hearted? written by Daniel Putman, Carnegie is criticized as not being fair to his workers, but his help among the world outweighs his workers conditions. For face, Putman states, Utilitarians may well rejoice at the results of what Andrew Carnegie did and it is quite likely that the good he did over time outweighs what his workers had to experience. But Carnegies generosity is tempered not by his lack of genuine motivation, nor by his location toward workers, but by the very specific fact that much of what he gave away was not his to consecrate. In fact, Carnegies wealth was only capable for him to achieve before the Roosevelt/Wilson reforms.While Carnegie had dreams of creating a better society and providing culture to all, his confidence in poor lot was slim and he once said, the man of wealth thus becoming the mere agent and trustee for his poorer brethren, bringing to their service his su perior wisdom, experience, and force to administer, doing for them better than they would or could do for themselves (493). I agree with Carnegies basic idea to create a better society by administering wealth among everyone, but I believe the money should be distributed to poorer people and their needs. For example, I would imitate many billionaires such as Warren Buffett, Bill Gates and Melinda Gates, have polar up within the past few years to give away half of their fortunes to charitable causes every during their lifetimes or in their will. If I had their money, I would consider doing the same thing they are doing The Giving support (created by the three billionaires mentioned above), has helped with numerous amounts of issues that plague todays world. They have worked with providing vaccines, schools and even hospitals to those in south-central Africa who cannot afford to provide those things to their families. Another example of a charity I would donate to is GiveDirectly. The point of this charity is to give money to poor people in Kenya with no strings attached. Its a ingenuous charity because its economics 101 poor people will know what they need and if theyre accustomed the money for it, they will most likely go out and buy it. This is an example of how when poor people are given a little help, they are most likely going to keep up by using that money as an investment in themselves. Heifer International is also another example of charity that I would donate too. In African countries, Heifer gives animals to poor families so they provide food and dependable income. They can collect dairy products such as milk, eggs and honey which can be traded or sold at a market. This sustainable income allows for families to build schools, agricultural opportunities and forms a community saving that monetary resource small businesses.Although one can appreciate what Carnegie has done for the world by building libraries and such, he did not address providing needs for poor people other than if he gave them money, they would most likely not use it to leverage themselves in society. In todays world, Carnegies ideas might look generous on paper, but there are other direct issues that need to be dealt with harshly. Many millionaires have pledged or have already spent billions in trying to provide basic needs to poor people of almost every country by building schools and providing medical assistance. Other charities have given the resources needed to help poor people. These charities allow open doors for individuals and communities who are struggling to get their foot in the door to help themselves. Charity is a just a small lending hand that gives poor people leverage as well as creating new opportunities that contribute to the common good.Works CitedCarnegie, Andrew. The Gospel of Wealth. A humans of Ideas Essential Readings for College Writers. Ed. Lee A. Jacobus. Boston Bedford, 2013. 485-495. Print.Putman, D. (2010). WAS ANDREW CARNE GIE GENEROUS? THING, 9(26), 91-98.World Hunger and Poverty Heifer Mission. World Hunger and Poverty Heifer Mission. Np., n.d. Web. 12 May 2016.

Impression of the Culture Essay Example for Free

Impression of the Culture EssayPrior to working in government, I worked in the private sector. In comparison of the two cultures, I realize that politics exist in both cultures and it is a game that I re entirelyy do not worry to play. My impression of the two cultures leave a lot to be desired in the sense that I am unrivalled who is not afraid of hard work I am always committed to the job. However, working in the private sector gave me a greater sense of satisfaction I could prioritize my work and go away things done there was less bureaucracy. I could determine what was good for the organization, share it with my management who respected what I brought to the table and implement a cohesive strategy that would benefit the organization. Working in government you drop to be prepared and committed to the policies that sometime prevent you from completing your job.(i.e. public interference and internal obstacles) in addition to working with people who do not share the same i deals as you.The government mindset of being a paper pusher was a concept that I fight with myself constantly about. My archetypical few years in government, I went above and beyond what was evaluate of me because I did not like the feeling of being unresponsive. Working in government I now see what the mentality is all about. I as an individual am not a paper pusher I am a results driven hard worker who wants to see the results of my hard work however, being in government you do not control what gets accomplished by your work ethic you only control what is expected of you meaning I do what I am supposed to do however what road the journey takes does not depend on me it depends on who is going to benefit from the fruits of my labor. The positive side of the two cultures mysterious Sector gives you room to grow based on your commitment to work, There is less beauracy to deal with and nearly are working toward the same goal. In government, when you are given a task, the positive s ide is that you love it is for the good of the mass and you can envision the end result.

Genetically Modified Foods Essay Example for Free

Genetically Modified Foods Essay technology has been liable for bringing about some of the or so noteworthy accomplishments of young generations. Medical cures for deadly diseases, the World unspecific Web, faster and to a greater extent efficient travel options, and advanced irrigation systems ar just a few of the recent successes which have all resulted from better technology. Like anything, though, technology can be problematic at high hat and detrimental at worst if not employed properly. One recent intention of technology which leaves many an(prenominal) conscientious people uncomfortable is genetically limited forages (GMF). These new nourishment sources ar derived from genetically circumscribed organisms (GMO) that have underg matchless a molecular level change to their DNA by genetically engineering techniques (Gaskill et al. , 1999). not everyone is convinced that GMF ar a positive use of technology. In fact, the American Academy of Environmental music (AAE M) encouraged all physicians to educate their patients, the medical community, and the popular to avoid GM foods when practical and provide educational materials concerning GM foods and health risks (Edwards, 2013). many another(prenominal) skeptics are concerned with the products health risks and environmental impact, on with the repercussions for local anaesthetic farmers, particularly those operating in exploitation countries. Nearly everyone is affected by GMF in one way or another, but some groups of people are more directly affected than others. They allow local farmers, food manufacturers, food purchasers, environmentalists/ conservationists, and government agencies. cod to insufficient scientific data concerning the natural rubber of GMF, and the possible catastrophic consequences resulting from the development and use of this product, they should be highly monitored by government agencies and immediately flingned in order to protect the public at large.James P Colli ns CS 300T 9/30/2013 4 Some stu conks have shown that GMF are potentially hazardous to consumers, especially children, pregnant women, and individuals with compromised immune systems. Many scientists and healthcare professionals argue that GMF are a major contributor to the deteriorating health of people worldwide and peradventure even a carcinogen (Edwards, 2013). An addition in blood pressure and heart disease is linked to the custom of GMF, although these food products are too recent for most seekes to be able to conclude anything decisive regarding their long effects. Dr.Stanley Ewen, a homeopathic physician, argues that a cauliflower virus often clippings used in GMF could potentially increase the risk of both colon and stomach cancers. Even if one is able to completely avoid GMF, they are still not safe from the harmful effects. Water sources near crops of GMF are often contaminated by the runoff from the soil. Dr. Ewen maintains that this amount of exposure alone may has ten the growth of malignant tumors (Edwards, 2013). Other studies fire that animals cater GMF puzzle from severe illnesses and die faster than expected.In India, animals that grazed on genetically modify cotton plants died almost immediately. Cows in Germany that ate genetically modified corn products experienced the akin fate. Scientists are attributing this phenomenon to GMFs tendency to produce toxins and suppress the immune system (Kuiper et al, 2001). The Institute for Responsible Technology listed 65 health risks associated with GMF. Rats fed genetically modified potatoes developed precancerous cells in the digestive tract. These rats too showed signs of inhibited development of the brain, liver, and testicles, along with atrophy of the liver and immune system damage.Another study indicated that rats fed Monsantos genetically modified corn showed significant changes in their blood cells, livers, and kidneys. Not surprisingly, this mega-company denied James P Collins CS 3 00T 9/30/2013 5 these findings and refused to conduct follow-up studies to confirm the safety of their food products (65 Health Risks, 2013). A second major drawback of GMF is their negative impact on the environment. As already stated, genetically modified crops pollute soil and water systems. This, in turn, causes adverse consequences on plants and animals (to include humans) that rely on these two natural resources.Insects that live in the soil are oftentimes negatively impacted and die due to chemical changes in the soil composition. The damage to the water affects nearly all animals, as most animals obtain their water from runoff systems (Dill, 2010). Additionally, GMF produce unnatural chemicals that give plants a new way to give themselves and insects and animals that naturally consume these organisms die. Spiders, caterpillars, and other small insects are particularly vulnerable to these engineered chemicals. Unfortunately, many species are congruous endangered or threaten ed.Due to cross pollination, crops that are not genetically modified are meet contaminated. Some scientists are concerned that if this trend is not halted, unaltered food species go away become seriously compromised and may even go extinct (Kuiper et al, 2001). One noteworthy example is North Dakotas genetically modified canola plants. Scientists took thousands of random seed samples from across the whole state. Nearly every sample whether wild or domesticated contained genetically modified seeds. Further studies identified genetically modified canola seeds in locations as far-reaching as Japan and Ireland.Researchers interpret this data as suggestive of cross-pollination in the wild (Biello, 2010). Furthermore, scientists maintain the genetically modified crops greatly increase the amount of herbicide used. Farmers know that their crops are resistant to most herbicides. Therefore, they tend to use these toxic chemicals more liberally. Since genetically modified James P Collins CS 300T 9/30/2013 6 crops are also modified to produce their own herbicides and pesticides, the end result is that even more toxins are added to the food supply, causing even more contamination (Dill, 2011).A final reason to ban GMF is the negative economic impact these food sources have on small farmers. Many local farmers, who rob themselves on naturally growing their products, are forced out of assembly line due to rising food costs. They cannot compete with large farms that use genetically modified seeds and pesticides on their crops. As more and more organic fertilizer farmers close their doors, the available unmodified, natural food sources decrease steadily. This, in turn, drives up the prices for consumers, making it harder for the average person to afford healthy alternatives.Local farmers oftentimes have their fields completely destroyed or are forced to forfeit their harvests due to cross pollination. Large seed companies, (such as Monsanto), patent their seeds. If t hese seeds contaminate the local farmers crops, then the mega-companies are legally permitted to confiscate the produce and destroy what remains. This is particularly problematic in developing countries. According to the Center for Food Safety, big seed companies attack and target any farmer who wants to palliate their seeds. This plan of attack consists of three stagesinvestigations coerced settlements and, if that fails, litigation (Lo, 2013). In the United States alone, Monsanto has sued 410 independent farmers and 56 small business owners for violations of seed patents (Lo, 2013). Unfortunately, this mega-company won every case to date. This resulted in their receiving over $24 million from small time farmers and businesses. Countless other businesses have been forced to close their doors due to threats from Monsanto and other mega-seed corporations (Lo, 2013).Presently, many companies are works to produce even more genetically modified plants and food sources that are even mor e unrecorded to predators. Also, many large companies James P Collins CS 300T 9/30/2013 7 are lobbying policy makers in order to have stricter laws and regulations enacted to protect their modified products (Lo, 2013). If these companies are allowed to continue with their agenda, there will be dire consequences. More people will develop horrific illnesses and diseases, the environment will suffer terribly, and local farmers will be forced out of business.The Union of relate Scientists (2013) has proposed five ways to preserve these hazardous products from further contaminating consumers food supply. First, they suggest that research funding for public crop grooming programs be expanded to help subsidize the cost of producing unaltered, natural food products. Second, they advocate public research funding to develop agro-ecologically based systems of farming. Third, they propose changing patent laws to allow independent companies to experiment on GMF without legal repercussions.Fo urth, they maintain that stricter controls should be placed on GMF so that these products do not come to market place until scientists and private researchers can better understand their health risks. Lastly, they support food labeling laws that mandate all GMF be labeled appropriately. In conclusion, GMF are detrimental to society as a whole. They are extremely unprotected for human consumption, pose huge risks to the natural environment, and place unfair and unnecessary stressors on local farmers.Due to the numerous uncertainties associated with GMF and the data that supports their harmful side effects, these products should be heavily monitored by government agencies and banned from the public market.It would be wise for the government to adopt the five suggestions put forth by the Union of Concerned Scientists in order to better protect its people. Unfortunately, mega-seed companies have substantially more disposable income than non-profit health and upbeat organizations ther efore, they can afford to buy lobbyists to petition lawmakers to make rules and decisions profitable to their agendas. James P Collins CS 300T 9/30/2013 8.Works Cited Biello, D. (2010). Genetically modified crop on the loose and evolving in U. S. Midwest. scientific American. http//www. scientificamerican. com/article. cfm? id=genetically modified-crop Dill, J. (2010). The dangers of GMOs Know the environmental hazards. Natural News. http//www. naturalnews. com/029869_GMOs_dangers. html Edwards, R. (2013). GM expert warns of cancer risk from crops. sunshine Herald. 16 February 2013. Gaskill, G. , Bauer, M. , Durant, J. , Allum, N. C. (1999). Worlds apart? The reception of genetically modified foods in Europe and the U. S. Science, 285 (5426) 384-387. Kuiper, H. A. , Kleter, G. A. , Hub P. J. , Noteborn, J. M. , Kok, E. J. (2001).Assessment of the food safety issues related to genetically modified foods. Plant Journal, 27 (6) 503-528. Lo, P. (2013). Monsanto bullies small farmers o ver planting harvested GMO seeds. British programme Channel. 14 April 2013. N. A. (2013). 65 health risks of genetically modified foods. Institute for Responsible Technology. http//www. responsibletechnology. org/gmo-dangers/65-health-risks/1notes N. A. (2013). Genetic engineering in agriculture. Union of Concerned Scientists. http//www. ucsusa. org/food_and_agriculture/our-failing-food-system/genetic engine ering.

Hunger Games essay Essay Example for Free

crave Games essay EssayThe Hunger Games is a fictional disc, which establishes the relationship between the protagonist Katniss, and the protagonist Peeta. Katniss is a 16 year former(a) girl who lives in District twelve, Panem. She is the sole provider for her family and competes in the Hunger Games, a game where devil people from each of the twelve districts are chosen to fight to the death. Peeta is a 16 year honest-to-god boy who is also from District Twelve who competes in the Hunger Games with Katniss. Throughout the book there is great(p) debate on whether Katniss and Peeta are in erotic love, or not in love.Katniss pretends to be in love with Peeta because it helps her in the Games, and it is an act of survival. Peeta on the other(a) hand is deep in love with Katniss. Throughout the book Katniss often finds herself making multiple references back to her friend, Gale, who has been her best friend for years. She wonders what life would be like with Gale. Katniss p retends to be in love with Peeta. She sees it as her only way of survival in the Games. When she and Peeta are in an favorable state, the Capitol audience is entertained.This results in her and Peeta getting both food and messages from their mentor Haymitch and their sponsors. Luckily, they entertain the audience enough to sound the games but towards the end of the book Peeta says to Katniss, It was all for the games, how you acted. (Pg. 372) This is legitimate proof that Katniss only pretended to be in love with Peeta. Based on much evidence from the book, it is revealed that Peeta is deeply in love with Katniss. Prior to the radical of the Games, both Katniss and Peeta had to take part in a pre-game interview.In Peetas interview, he tells the audience how harming the games would not help his situation because he is deeply in love with Katniss. Katniss was not happy with Peetas statement, but later in the book calmly asks him, Peeta, you said at the interview youd had a crush on me forever. When did forever start? (Pg. 300) Peeta responded, Oh lets see. I guess the first sidereal day of school. We were five. You had on a red plaid dress and your hair it was in two braids instead of one. My nonplus pointed your out. (Pg.300) This is the most heart-felt moment between the two however Katniss only asked Peeta the question because she knew she had to keep entertaining the audience. Her strategy to manipulate Peetas emotions was a great advantage to her game. Katniss often makes references back to her friend Gale, her long date best friend that is back home in District Twelve. She has mixed feelings well-nigh him because when Katniss was about to expire for the games, Gale was saying good bye to Katniss and was cut short with the slamming of a door.There are many misinterpretations about what Gale was trying to say to Katniss. Most people, including Katniss, think that he was about to say I love you. This unfinished sentence disturbs Katniss during the games when she has mixed feelings about Peeta. Katniss thinks to herself, Gales not my boyfriend, but would he be, if I opened that door? (Pg. 280) Any person who is truly in love would not be thinking about other men in this way. Throughout the Hunger Games there is great talk on whether Katniss and Peeta are in love, or not.Katniss pretends to be in love with Peeta because it helps her in the Games, and she uses it as an act of survival. Peeta on the other hand, is deeply in love with Katniss. During the book Katniss often finds herself making multiple mentions back to her friend, Gale, who has been her best friend and hunting buddy for years. She wonders what life would be like if she was with him. Too conclude, Katniss and Peeta are not meant to be. They have completely varied individualities and although it may seem that their pretend love is mutual, it is not.

Previous chest radiation Essay Example for Free

Previous chest beam of light EssayWomen who menstruate at an early period and menopause at a later get along with be likely to develop breast genus Cancer (American genus cancer Society, n. pag). This can be associated with the longer moving picture to estrogen and progesterone hormones. Women who had undergone a radiation therapy on the chest ara at an early age can significantly increase the risk of infection for breast cancer, especially if the breasts be still developing when the therapy was taken (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). Stages dummy cancer, as other kind of cancer, starts from a single dot that develops into a laborious full point when it is not detected and treated at an earliest time. The purpose of staging the disorder is to mark the type and degree of word that may be applied to the patient. Normally, the stages of breast cancer start from 0 to III. Stage 0 This is otherwise known as the non- evasive breast cancer (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). At this stage, no evidence of cancer cell breakage or invasion into other tissues can be noticed. Stage I Stage I is known by invasive breast cancer (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). During this stage, the cancer cells starts to invade or spread to other normal tissues. The tumor can also be noticed as grows to two centimeters (American Cancer Society, n.pag. ). Although there is no lymph inspissations involved (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). Stage II At this stage, the cancer cells expands to the lymph nodes under the arm or the tumor increases up to five centimeters (American Cancer Society, n. pag). During this stage, the lymph node are not yet united to other nodes and to other normal tissues. Stage IIIA The cancer is tell to pick out mod to stage III when the tumor measure more than five centimeters or when the lymph nodes are clump together or stuck to one another or to other tissues (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). Stage IIIBThis stage is character ized by the spread of the tumor, at any size, to the breast skin, internal mammary gland, or chest ring (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). This stage also includes the inflammatory breast cancer, a very serious but lofty type (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). Inflammatory breast cancer is distinguished by the redness and warmness in some or in all part of the breast. Stage IV The breast cancer has advanced to the last stage when the tumor expands on to the breast, underarm, and internal mammary lymph nodes and also on lungs, bone, or head word (American Cancer Society, n.pag. ). This stage also includes Metastatic cancer, which is the spread of cancer. Treatments of Breast cancer At an early, the suitable treatment for is the breast conservation that involves lumpectomy. On this process, the infected tissues and the surrounding normal tissues are removed (National Breast and ovarian Cancer Centre, n. pag. ). This shall be coupled by surgery and followed by radiation therapy which is used to kill the tumor cells left after surgery. Research has shown that radiation therapy is as effective as mastectomy, which is the surgical removal of the breast. separate practice of medicine may include prescription of hormone- blocking drug tamoxifin for post- menopausal women, and ovarian ablation to younger women. ovarian ablation is the stopping the ovaries from producing estrogen and can be through either by removing the ovaries or by prescribing certain drugs (National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre, n. pag. ). Chemotherapy is also used to treat breast cancer. Chemotherapy is the medication that kills cancer cells or stops them from growing (National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre, n. pag. ).It can be done in three strategies namely adjuvant chemotherapy, presurgical chemotherapy, and therapeutic chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is given to reduce the possibility of locomote of the cancer and is given to people who had surgery or radiation while presur gical chemotherapy is used to shrink or kill the stray cancer cells and to completely get rid of the cancer (National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre, n. pag. ). Therapeutic chemotherapy, on the other hand, is given to women whose cancer has spread beyond the breast or those who have serious case of breast cancer.For advance breast cancer, the treatment may include chemotherapy. Treatments given to metastatic breast cancer are aimed to reduce the symptoms experienced by the patient so that the quality of her lifetime may be improved. The treatments may include stopping the issue of the cancer and using one or more anti- cancer treatments depending on the parts of the body that has been affected by the cancer (National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre, n. pag. ). Such therapies available are high- dose chemotherapy, immunotherapies, gene therapies, and targeting therapies.However, their efficacies are not yet measured. Among the immunotherapies, exclusively the monoclonal antibod ies (Mabs) have been approved for breast cancer (National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre, n. pag. ). However, there are other forms that are under observation. The Herceptin or MAb trastuzumab is on top of the list which is used by women with cancer cells having too many copies of HER2/neu gene (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). The HER2/neu gene is able to produce extra receptors to stimulate growth on the cells resulting into a more aggressive breast cancer.When the trastuzumab are attached to the receptors, the growth is lowered because the approaching to the cancer cells are blocked (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). Another form of immunotherapies is the Bevacizumab or Avastin, which is an antibody that helps slow the growth of roue vessels in the tumor (American Cancer Society, n. pag. ). Some promising treatments for advanced breast cancer are interferons and interleukons, autologous vaccine therapy, and other antigen vaccine.These immunotherapies are being studied be cause their effectivity has not yet been ascertained. Conclusion Among the women, the disease that is very threatening is the breast cancer. Cases of breast cancer are increasing every year and so with the mortality rate. Yet treatments do not give complete assurance. Moreover, treatments are so expensive that are not available to poor patients. Cancer, as generally known, is a disease that is traitor and known exactly at a later stage.In order to avoid getting breast cancer, n mortal shall be aware of the risk factors and avoid it as soon as possible.Works cited Baum, Michael, and Schipper, Harvey. Fast Facts Breast Cancer. Oxford Health Press, 1999. Cadwell, Karin, and Maffei, Cindy, T. Breastfeeding A-Z Terminology and Telephone Triage. New York Jones Barlett Publishers, 2006. Detailed Guide Breast Cancer. 13 September 2007. American Cancer Society. 24 June 2008 http//www. cancer. org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_2X_What_are_the_risk_factors_for_breast_cancer_5.asp. Franz, Mar y. Diet and Breast Cancer. Vegan HandbookOver 200 Delicious Recipes, meal Plans and Vegetarian Resources for All Ages. Ed. Debra Wasserman Reed Mangels. Vegetarian Resource Group, 1996. 193. Genetic Testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Its Your Choice. 2 June 2002. National Cancer Institute. 24 June 2008 http//www. cancer. gov/cancertopics/factsheet/risk/brca. Treatment options. 28 November 2006. National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre. 24 June 2008 http//www. breasthealth. com. au/treatment/.

Pioneer Square Observation Report Essay Example for Free

open up Square Observation Report EssayIn Pioneer square there are many a(prenominal) places to sit and issue forth the people whom pass by, but perhaps one of the most interesting places to go is the food apostrophize inside the pioneer square m altogether. I found that the best time to observe all the micro cultures was at lunch time, when people take a break from their busy lives to come and enjoy a lunch from a variety of choices. The environment is one of the other matters that I was fitting to notice right away, not only the setting but also how the environment affects the people at the food judiciary, and the one thing that stood out the most season I observing the food court was the office staff within the court. One of the first things I was set out to find while doing the notice in the food court of the Pioneer Square kernel was to find the micro cultures. I was sufficient to observe three major micro cultures. There were people who passed by in a hurry, it seemed resembling they had somewhere to be. They seemed to go by so fast with a phone in their ear, or in their hands to even notice the other people surrounding them. The second micro culture I was able study was the people ordering from various places in the food court.The most common thing I noticed within this micro culture was the way they each stood still for a while as if they were weighing their options of all the food choices they had, then once they ordered their food would sit whether it was in the lower part or on the stage of the food court, and after that they all seemed to do the same(p) thing. They talked among themselves, and when done they cleaned their space and left. The last and the most obvious micro culture within the food court were the employees working in their little space of a restaurant.Within this micro culture the people seemed in truth quiet as the food court was empty but as lunch time came near and people started to appear, they seemed to cheer up. When people started coming around the food court into their restaurant, they interacted with the people in a very enthusiastic way, and some would start a conversation or offer free samples all in order to pull people into their restaurant. I was also able to notice that the environment had a lot to do with the actions of people.The environment in the food court was the first thing that stood out as I entered. The environment was serene and very unique from most food courts. They were playing jazz unison in the background, which to me made it seem like it kept the food court peaceful and enjoyable. While I was sitting there I was able to notice that the food court was designed to complement the tranquillity of the environment with its hanging lights, wooden chairs, and what seemed like black granite tables, with a large fountain running in the middle of the food court, where many people eating liked to stare at its beauty. The fountain was something unequal to(p) of missing.A nother thing that was hard to miss in the food court while eating, was the authority with the mall cops who were passing by every now and then. Surprisingly I was able to find was that they were very comradely to everyone, and in return the public was very respectful and friendly back. I believe that the respect and favor that comes from the public comes mainly because of the fact that the mall cops have power, and they have the authority to take you out of the mall, so the public obeys by their rules.To do this observation at its fullest I had to put my ethnocentrism away and be very open minded about the observations I was to do. Doing this was what made it possible for me to get all these observations of the micro cultures, environment, and the authority within a food court at Pioneer Square mall.

Aztec Calendar Stone Essay Example for Free

Aztec Calendar St wizard EssayObtaining the experience that was passed down to them from earlier Mesoamerican cultures, the Aztecs carved the calendar jewel in 1479 (Smith 253). At the time, the Aztecs lived in a very civilized world filled with horrific architecture, an impressively complex government system, and they too employ intricate systems of writing and calendric systems (Taube 7). The Calendar Stone was made by basalt pit. For the Aztecs, everything was pictorial in genius around this era.The calendar tilt depicted varied pictograms or Codex Magliabechianoand, which was primarily written on religious documents (Aztec-History). Art was centered around religion in this era. So the pictograms of the gods on the calendar rock would correlate with that subject matter. The Aztecs were a highly riteistic civilization devoted to divination and their Gods. The Aztec calendar stone was created as a divinatory tool which was used for rituals, to forecast the future, an d to determine which old age were lucky and which days not for the outcome of various actions and events (Smith 254).The calendar had two systems. It had the sacred Tonalpohualli, which was ground on the 260-day cycle and the Iuhpohualli, which was a 365-day cycle (Palfrey). Seen by the count, there is a fin day difference between these two calendars. The five day differences were thought to be the most unholy, unlucky days of the year (Smith 257). The world was thought to be coming to an end. On the Aztec Calendar, the year was divided into 13-day periods. Each group of 13 days had a disparate deity ruling over the unit.This is because these units were thought to feel a special symbolic influence and the deities were to visualize a positive outcome (Smith 256). In the middle of the sunniness Stone, is the sun god Tonatuih. His tongue project between his teeth resembles a sacrificial flint knife. In his claw like hands he clutches human hearts (Palfrey). Many scholars have de bated on the stones meaning and purpose. approximately suggest that, fixed horizontally it served as a sacrificial altar, which would make sense because the stone was sanctified to the sun deity.Most agree though, that it offers a graphic representation of the Mexica cosmos (Palfrey). In The Aztecs, Smith sums up what is to be gestated the thought of the Aztecs when they carved the calendar stone The Aztec calendar stone conveyed the message that the Aztec empire cover the whole earth (territory in all four directions), and that it was founded upon the sacred principles of time, directionality, divine warfare, and the sanction of the gods (Smith 270).Keeping the Aztec calendar is proof of ancient cultures mathematical and scientific achievements without the aid of modern technology. The study of the sun stone could kick in to further advances in mathematics and acts as a road map to our celestial bodies from that era of our history. The Aztecs believe they felt justified in beli eving in this calendar because of numerous events that changed the course of history for them. Because Aztec Indians were yearning astronomers, they tracked the stars and correlated that between the days to create this sun calendar.Examples of events happening within the timeline of the calendar stone being built are these Between 1452 and 1454, their capital city Tenochtitlan suffered from flood and famine, the following year on 4/16/1445 (Julian calendar) there was an eclipse of the sun. From 1473-1479, there were 4 more than than solar eclipses within a five year time frame (Aveni, Calnek). During this time the Aztec nation conquered and sacrificed legion(predicate) of the neighboring towns. Their leaders were wounded or killed, followed by violent earthquakes (Aveni, Calnek).There may have been even more visible eclipses seen by the Aztecs that have not been discovered because they were lost, or destroyed, or even confused with other natural events (Aveni, Calnek). If one w ere to take into consideration the Aztecs being a society with strong beliefs in deities, the Aztecs constant state of din from wars and death and then couple that with a constant flow of solar eclipses it wouldnt take a lot to consider that the Aztecs energy have thought there Gods were planning on ending their world. again.The Aztecs might have carved this massive calendar from stone to give their future generations a chance to do things right, where they did not. Many other artifacts of the same caliber and craftsmanship were excavated around the time the calendar stone was. This was an amazing find, because in the early colonial period of the sixteenth century, pre-Hispanic stone sculptures were considered potent satanic threats to successful transition (Taube 25). With the Spaniards thinking this, this lead to the destruction of many great pieces of art, manuscripts, and other forms of architecture.Thankfully, with the Aztecs foreseeing this frame of mind being a possibility and other circumstances occurring, many artifacts survived by being hidden in caves, on peck tops, and even buried under Mexico City (Taube 25). After the artifacts were excavated, rather than being destroyed, they were treated as objects of speciality and to be studied (Taube 25-26). I account for any differences between reception then and today by knowing people today have so many different religions and beliefs. Whereas the Aztecs were ignorant of the different beliefs we have today.They just had knowledge of what was taught to them by their elders as we do ours. There were not that many differences and very many similarities between American Indians of this era. In the mode they did things to their architecture and sculptures. As a matter of fact, the Aztecs calendar was based of the earlier Mayan cultures. The Aztec calendar stone and Mayan calendar share many similarities. Both calendars have ritual days. The Aztec ritual day that was formed is the Tonalpohualli and the Ma ya ritual day is the Tzolkin. The day names on both calendars are overly very similar.Both calendars used 18 months with 20 day counts along with other counts. The Aztec and Maya calendar stone is believed to have both mythological and astronomical significance. Both Native American cultures regarded their calendars as religious. Using the calendars, the Aztec and Maya priests impose when to grow crops, when the dry and rainy seasons were, when to go to war, etc. (World Mysteries). The main way the Aztec calendar differed was in their more primitive number system and less precise way of recording dates. The year also started with different months.The Maya calendar tracked the movements of the planets and the moon. From this came their reckoning of time, and a calendar that accurately measures the solar year to within minutes. The Aztecs also kept the two different aspects of time, the Tonalpohualli, which was counting the days and the Xiuhpohualli which was counting the years (Wor ld Mysteries). The Aztecs believed they were living in the ordinal and final stage of life. Because the Maya used a 360 day long cycle, they could tell that there were time periods way longer than the age of our universe (World Mysteries).It helped me figure out what some of the major celestial events where during the time the Aztec Sun Calendar was created. Palfrey, Dale. Mysteries of the Fifth Sun The Aztec Calendar. n. p. Web. 8 January 1999. http//www. mexconnect. com/articles/199-mysteries-of-the-fifth-sun-the-aztec-calendar This is a website with basic information about the Aztec Sun Calendar. It gave me more insight into what the calendar looked like. Aztec-History. N. p. , nd. Web. 1996-2012 http//www. aztec-history. com This website has an enormous amount of information about Aztec Indians, from clothing to their demise and pretty more everything in between.The website gave me most of the information about the calendar stone I have so far. Smith, Michael. The Aztecs. Blac kwell Publishers Inc. , 1996. Print. The volume is Aztec Indians and their culture. This book helped me to understand the calendar stone more and why it was just a big develop of Aztec life. Taube, Karl. Aztec and Maya Myths. British Museum Press, 1993. Print. This book detailed facts and myths about Aztec and Mayan Indians. This book helped me find what the Aztecs art and idols were see as in the early colonial period.