Universalist Theory Of Universalism - 1237 Words

Universalist theories (moral universalism) are meta-ethical positions that claim that there is a universal ethic that applies to all people regardless of their nationality, religion, sex, race, culture, sexuality, and other distinguishing features (Greenwood and Harris, 2011). Universal ethics refer to a moral system that applies to the entire humanity, transcending personal whims, and culture in the process. The justification for this rises from human nature, which is a shared vulnerability of suffering and demands universal reasoning. It also involves religion mandates and existing moral codes. It contrasts moral relativism, which claims that moral truths are relative to personal, historical, cultural, and social circumstances. There are†¦show more content†¦In the theory of practical rationality, it is the superior part. According to Greenwood and Harris (2011), Thomas Hobbes is also a natural Law theorist. He held that nature has a divine law that binds all human beings like Aquinas. A question that mostly arises in consideration of this ethic is whether there is a difference between divine command ethics and natural law ethics, being that theorists of the latter hold that God is the one that gives them. Nonetheless, some principles make them different. Natural law holds that God gives them, but they are also a result of human reason. They are also naturally authoritative, knowable, and provide the right to the action. Some theorists deny the first premise of the natural law but accept the rest. Among them are Mark Murphy, Alasdair MacIntyre, John Finnis, Philippa Foot, and Michael Moore (Finnis, 2011). They do not believe in the divinity of the law. They argue on the Naturalistic doctrine, which claims that there is a natural order of the world, which human beings should follow. Unlike Aquinas, they believe a person’s search for happiness and their human nature are responsible for rationality and morality, and not duty or external rules. Th ey argue that the laws of conformity and the fact that fundamental good is self-preservation support natural laws, which are morally correct. Indeed, it is a credible argument and worth consideration. Consistency with it is right, while the absence thereof is wrong. The bestShow MoreRelatedThe Doctrine Of Universal Reconciliation1651 Words   |  7 PagesWhile the doctrine of universal reconciliation has indeed been a minority position throughout most of Christian history–albeit not quite two-thousand years!–all one has to do is turn to Augustine, a clear non-Universalist, to see how it was once upon a time a rather popular doctrine. He, in the fifth century, rather dismissively writes: It is quite in vain, then, that some–indeed very many–yield to merely human feelings and deplore the notion of the eternal punishment of the damned and their interminableRead MoreDichotomy Of Universalism And Relativism841 Words   |  4 Pages The Dichotomy of Universalism and Relativism â€Å"A global citizen is someone who identifies with being part of an emerging world community and whose actions contribute to building this community’s values and practices.† According to Global Citizens Initiative, a nonprofit global social enterprise, this is what it means to be a global citizen. It is necessary to understand the defining factors of a global citizen in order to understand Johansson Dahre’s quarrelsRead MoreTheories, Universalism, And Rawls Distributive Justice Theory1936 Words   |  8 Pagesfollowing section of this study will dissect the two opposing tax systems and analyze them through the lenses of two major ethical theories, Universalism, and Rawls’ Distributive Justice Theory. Both theories will discuss the three ethical questions presented in the beginning of this paper and present which theory most closely aligns to the principles of each theory. Universalism seeks to create a system in which all participants would be willing to see everyone else follow. Furthermore, it seeks to neverRead MoreA Relativist Is More Tolerant?1314 Words   |  6 PagesA Relativist is more tolerant because he or she does not impinge upon people an absolute standard of right and wrong by which to compare and contrast morally contradictory cultural values. A Universalist proposes values that are based on his or her own set of values. This can promote intolerance because it provides a basis to make moral judgments between cultures. This is also an example of ethnocentrism, or judging another culture by the values of one’s own culture. Essentially, moral rightnessRead MoreArticle Critique : Considering Interest Convergence Dilemma980 Words   |  4 Pagesbarriers that impact social mobility for URMs with a talent for STEM fields. In support of this claim, Baber’s study employed interest-convergence theory to examine diversity programs at 10 top producing STEM degree institutions nationwide. This paper will review Baber’s study and critique the problem of STEM diversity programs, the interest-convergence theory framework used to examine the problem, the assumptions, data source and method. The overall findings along with article’s strengths and weaknessesRead MoreDoes Language Affect The Way People Think Or Is It The Other Way Around?1458 Words   |  6 PagesLanguage and Linguistics by Rene Dirven, provides two theories: linguistic relativity and universalism. Researchers who believe linguistic relativity claim that language affects the ways in which its respective speakers conceptualize their world. Benjamin Lee Whorf, representative researcher for linguistic relativity, argues that language determines thought, and that linguistic categories limit and determine cognitive categories. Universalism, which is a contrasting concept to the linguistic relativityRead MoreThe Unitarian Universalist Meeting House2181 Words   |  9 PagesOn October 12th 2014 I ventured into the Unitarian Universalist meeting house, which is located at 501 South High Street in West Chester, PA. I was greeted at the door by openly gay Reverend Bill Zelazny, who was wearing a tallis-like prayer shawl which was a colorful tapestry with no discernable symbols on it. His head was uncovered. Reverend Bill was very welcoming and agreed to meet with me after the service, which I was invited to stay for. I had never been to a religious service in a denominationRead More Liberalism, Civic Reformism and Democracy Essay2784 Words   |  12 Pagesorder and, more specifically, in the creation of the welfare state after the Second World War. Accordingly, liberalism defines a reformist political program: it is an emancipatory political project by virtue of its struggle for an egalitarian and universalist extension of citizenship rights. This is but a formulation of the modern idea of citizenship, conceived of as a u niversalizable contract of rights. At the same time, liberalism embraces a socioeconomic emancipatory project that endeavors to provideRead MoreTruth Is Culturally Relative1639 Words   |  7 Pagesdefine the concept of Being, a wide notion that embraces objective and subjective features of reality. Throughout the philosophy of truth, objectivism and subjectivism lead to the development of the two major approaches to reality, Relativism and Universalism. One of the first interpretation of truth and knowledge was given by the sophists, and it finds its primary source in Protagoras fragment of all things the measure is man, of things that are, that they are, and of things that are not, thatRead MoreQuestions On Religion And Religion Essay1763 Words   |  8 PagesCatholicism. Universalism states that everyone will be saved and no one will be damned, which is considered heresy by most major Christian denominations and the reason the Universalist church was disowned by Christianity. While Exclusivism, Inclusivism, and Universalism are all positions on salvation, Pluralism is not. Additionally, people can be different degrees of Exclusivism or Inclusivism depending on what religious institutions they think are valid but there is only one degree of Universalism; you